[1]荀志丽,高菁菁,李亚灵,等.不同铵态氮配比对番茄生长及铵同化能力的影响[J].北方园艺,2022,(03):9-17.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20213104]
　XUN Zhili,GAO Jingjing,LI Yaling,et al.Effects of Different Ammonium Nitrogen Ratios on Growth and Ammonium Assimilation of Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(03):9-17.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20213104]

点击复制

不同铵态氮配比对番茄生长及铵同化能力的影响

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 期数: 2022年03 页码: 9-17 栏目: 出版日期: 2022-02-15

Title:: Effects of Different Ammonium Nitrogen Ratios on Growth and Ammonium Assimilation of Tomato

作者:: 荀志丽1; 2; 高菁菁1; 李亚灵1; 温祥珍1; （1.山西农业大学园艺学院，山西太谷 030801；2.山西农业大学果树研究所，山西太原 030032）

Author(s):: XUN Zhili1; 2; GAO Jingjing1; LI Yaling1; WEN Xiangzhen1; (1.College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801;2.Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030032)

关键词:: 铵态氮; 生物量; 铵同化; 生长抑制

Keywords:: ammonium nitrogen; biomass; ammonium assimilation; growth inhibition

DOI:: 10.11937/bfyy.20213104

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 以“魁冠宏丰”番茄为试材，采用珍珠岩/蛭石（V/V 2∶1）栽培方式，在总氮水平15 mmol·L-1下，设置铵态氮+硝态氮0 mmol·L-1+15 mmol·L-1（A0N15，对照）、5 mmol·L-1+10 mmol·L-1（A5N10）、7.5 mmol·L-1+7.5 mmol·L-1（A7.5N7.5）、10 mmol·L-1+5 mmol·L-1（A10N5）、15 mmol·L-1+0 mmol·L-1（A15N0）处理，研究了同一氮水平下，不同铵态氮和硝态氮配比对番茄幼苗生长和铵同化的影响,以期为提高番茄铵同化能力提供参考依据。结果表明：植株的总干质量在A5N10、A7.5N7.5处理较对照增加了27%、20%，A10N5处理与对照差异不显著，A15N0处理则降低了22%；分析发现根系和叶片中总游离氨基酸的含量随着铵态氮配比的增加而增加，增加了40%以上。参与氮代谢的谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性在根系中均显著高于对照；同时谷氨酰胺（Gln）、谷氨酸（Glu）含量随着铵态氮配比的增加不断增加，但A10N5、A15N0处理Glu含量显著下降，同时可溶性糖、淀粉、叶绿素含量下降。营养液中铵态氮浓度达到10 mmol·L-1及以上水平时，植株生长受到抑制，一方面是叶片叶绿素减少导致碳同化受阻，影响根系的氮同化，另一方面是Glu含量减少导致氮同化受抑制，从而植物生长受到抑制，生物量降低。

Abstract:: Tomato ‘Kuiguanhongfeng’ was used as the experimental material，perlite/vermiculite (V/V 2∶1) was used as the matrix，and ammonium nitrogen (0 mmol·L-1)+nitrate nitrogen (15 mmol·L-1) (A0N15，control)，5 mmol·L-1+10 mmol·L-1 (A5N10)，7.5 mmol·L-1+7.5 mmol·L-1 (A7.5N7.5)，10 mmol·L-1+5 mmol·L-1 (A10N5)，15 mmol·L-1+0 mmol·L-1 (A15N0)，were designed.The aim of the study to explore the effect of different ratios from ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on growth and ammonium assimilation of tomato under the same nitrogen level,in order to provide a reference for realizing the high efficiency ammonium assimilation.The results showed that compared with the control，the total dry weight were increased by 27% and 20% in A5N10 and A7.5N7.5 treatment，was no significant difference in A10N5 treatment，but was decreased by 22% in A15N0 treatment.It was found that the content of total free amino acids in roots and leaves were increased by more than 40% with the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio.The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS)，glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in nitrogen metabolism in roots were significantly higher than those in control.At the same time，the contents of glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu) were increased with the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio，but the contents of Glu were decreased significantly with the treatment of A10N5 and A15N0，and the contents of soluble sugar，starch and chlorophyll were decreased.It was concluded that when the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in nutrient solution reached 10 mmol·L-1 or above，the plant growth was inhibited，which may be due to the insufficient carbon assimilation caused by the decreased of chlorophyll content in leaves，which due to the inhibition of nitrogen assimilation caused by the decrease of Glu content，which inhibited the plant growth and reduced the biomass.

参考文献/References:

[1]MILLER A J，CRAMER M D.Root nitrogen acquisition and assimilation[J].Plant Soil，2005，274：1-36.[2]LUO J，LI H，LIU T，et al.Nitrogen metabolism of two contrasting poplar species during acclimation to limiting nitrogen availability[J].J Exp Bot，2013，64：4207-4224.[3]张英鹏，徐旭军，林咸永，等.氮素形态对菠菜可食部分硝酸盐和草酸累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2006(2)：2227-2232.[4]孙菲菲，李英，侯喜林，等.硝态氮对不结球白菜产量与主要营养品质及硝酸盐含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报，2008(2)：37-40.[5]FUERTES-MENGIZABAL T，GONZALEZ-TORRALBA J，ARREGUI L M，et al.Ammonium as sole N source improves grain quality in wheat[J].Sci Food Agric，2013，93：2162-2171.[6]GAO Y，LI Y，Yang X，et al.Ammonium nutrition increases water absorption in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under water stress[J].Plant and Soil，2010，331：193-201.[7]BLOOM A J，BURGER M，RUBIO-ASENSIO J S，et al.Carbon dioxide enrichment inhibits nitrate assimilation in wheat and Arabidopsis[J].Science，2010，328：899-903.[8]VEGA-MAS I，CARMEN M，PE′REZ-DELGADO，et al.Plant nitrogen assimilation and its regulation：A complex puzzle with missing pieces[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology，2015(25)：115-122.[9]FERNANDEZ-CRESPO E，SCALSCHI，LLORENS E，et al.NH+4 protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae by activation of systemic acquired acclimation[J].J Exp Bot，2015，66(21)：6777-6790.[10]XUN Z L，GUO X F，LI Y L，et al.Quantitative proteomics analysis of tomato growth inhibition by ammonium nitrogen[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry，2020,154：129-141.[11]CATALDO D A，MAROON M，SCHRADER L E，et al.Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid[J].Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal,1975(6)：71-80.[12]SOLORZANO L.Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhy-pochlorite method[J].Limnol Oceanogr,1969(14)：799-801.[13]ZHANG Y，HU X H，SHI Y，et al.Beneficial role of exogenous spermidine on nitrogen metabolism in tomato seedlings exposed to saline-alkaline stress[J].J Am Hortic Sci，2013，138：38-49.[14]VEGA-MAS I，PE′REZ-DELGADO C M，Marino D，et al.Elevated CO2 induces root defensive mechanisms in tomato plants when dealing with ammonium toxicity[J].Plant Cell Physiol，2017，0：1-14.[15]BRADFORD M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Anal Biochem，1976，72：248-254.[16]DATTA R，SHARMA R.Temporal and spatial regulation of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in greening maize leaves[J].Plant Sci,1999，144：77-83.[17]LIN C C，KAO C H.Disturbed ammonium assimilation is associated with growth inhibition of roots in rice seedlings caused by NaCl[J].Plant Growth Regul,1996（18）：233-238.[18]MEI H S，THIMANN K V.The relation between nitrogen deficiency and leaf senescence[J].Physiol Plant，1984，62:157-161.[19]徐新娟，李庆余，孙瑞，等.不同形态氮素对樱桃番茄果实发育和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2009(6)：1425-1432.[20]LIU G Y，DU Q J，LI J M.Interactive effects of nitrate-ammonium ratios and temperatures on growth，photosynthesis，and nitrogen metabolism of tomato seedlings[J].Sci Horticult，2015，214：41-50.[21]公华锐，骆洪义，亓艳艳，等.不同硝铵比对基质栽培番茄氮素代谢关键酶及其氮素利用效率的影响[J].北方园艺，2017(24)：7-16.[22]毕兆东，王世金，程青青，等.不同氮肥及配比对韭菜产量和品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报，2010，41(11)：37-41.[23]ALEXANDER K G，MILLER M H，BEACCHAMP E G.The effect of an NH+4-enhanced nitrogen source on the growth and yield of hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.)[J].J Plant Nutr，1991(14)：31-34.[24]TAKA′CS E,TE′CSI L.Effects of NO-3/NH+4 ration on photosynthetic rate，nitrate reductase activity and chloroplast ultrastructure in three cultivars of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)[J].J Plant Physiol，1992，140：298-305.[25]李娟，周健民.水培条件下CO2与NH+4/NO-3配比对番茄幼苗生育的影响[J].农业工程学报，2006(7）：138-142.[26]MASCLAUX-DAUBRESSE C，REISDORF-CREN M，PAGEAU K，et al.Glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway and glutamate dehydrogenase play distinct roles in the sink-source nitrogen cycle in tobacco[J].Plant Physiol,2006，140：444-456.[27]MIYASHITA Y，GOOD A G.Contribution of the GABA shunt to hypoxia-induced alanine accumulation in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2008，49：92-102.[28]TAKACCS E，TECCSI L.Effects of NO-3/NH+4 ration on photosynthetic rate，nitrate reductase activity and chloroplast ultrastructure in three cultivars of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)[J].Journal of Plant Physiology，1992，140：298-305.[29]张宏纪,马凤鸣,李文华,等.不同形态氮素对甜菜谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学，2001(6)：7-10.[30]LIU Y，VON WIRE′N N.Ammonium as a signal for physiological and morphological responses in plants[J].J Exp Bot，2017，63，3777-3788.[31]戴廷波，曹卫星，孙传范，等.增铵营养对小麦光合作用及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的影[J].应用生态学报，2003(9)：1529-1532.[32]KONISHI N，ISHIYAMA K，MATSUOKA K，et al.NADH-dependent glutamate synthase plays a crucial role in assimilating ammonium in the Arabidopsis root[J].Physiol Plant，2014，152：138-151.[33]LEA P J，MIFLIN B J.Glutamate synthase and the synthesis of glutamate in plants[J].Plant Physiol Bioch，2003，41：555-564.[34]BIALCZYK J，LECHOWSKI Z，DZIGA D，et al.Carbohydrate and free amino acid contents in tomato plants grown in media with bicarbonate and nitrate or ammonium[J].Acta Physiol Plant，2005(27)：523-529.[35]GAUFICHON L，REISDORF-CREN M，ROTHSTEIN S J，et al.Biological functions of asparagine synthetase in plants[J].Plant Sci，2010，179：141-153.

相似文献/References:

[1]王娟婷,王乃江.辽东栎幼苗的生长规律研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):64.
　WANG Juan-ting,WANG Nai-jiang.Research on Seedling Growth Law of Quercus Liaotungensis Koidz[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):64.
[2]董玉兰,李书生,张丽萍,等.白灵菇高活力液体菌种摇瓶发酵培养条件的优化[J].北方园艺,2014,38(06):143.
　DONG Yu-lan,LI Shu-sheng,ZHANG Li-ping,et al.The Optimization of the High Energy Liquid Culture Conditions of Pleurotus nebrodensis[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):143.
[3]武延生.抢青对酸枣生物量积累的变化研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(06):31.
　WU Yan-sheng.Study on Biomass Acumulation of Wild Jujube Picked in Advance[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):31.
[4]于荣.酸碱胁迫对短梗五加生长发育及其根系活力的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(07):173.
　YU Rong.Effect of the Growing Development and Root Activity on Edible Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seem Under Different pH Stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):173.
[5]苏付保,秦凤梅,温中林,等.喜树留床苗截干高度和密度对叶片生物量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(09):81.
　SU Fu-bao,QIN Feng-mei,WEN Zhong-lin,et al.Effect of Cutting Height and Density on Leaf Biomass of Camptotheca acuminata Decne in Bed Seedings[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):81.
[6]张鹤丹,刘超,谢建治.干旱条件下施用鸭粪对芦苇湿地系统氮积累的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(21):182.
　ZHANG He-dan,LIU Chao,XIE Jian-zhi.Effect of Duck Manure Application on Nitrogen Accumulation in the Reed Wetland System under the Conditions of Drought[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):182.
[7]马国良,汤青川,沈宁东,等.不同践踏强度对鹅绒委陵菜地上部生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(23):81.
　MA Guo-liang,TANG Qing-chuan,SHEN Ning-dong,et al.Effects of Different Trampling Intensities on Overground Part Growth of Potentilla anserina L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):81.
[8]马茂亭,安志装,邹国元,等.不同施肥措施对土壤氮素时空变化的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(22):168.
　MA Mao-ting,AN Zhi-zhuang,ZOU Guo-yuan,et al.Effects of the Fertilization Measures on Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Soil Nitrogen[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):168.
[9]冯涛,于玮玮,柴义,等.叶面喷肥对红花生长及花冠产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(21):135.
　FENG Tao,YU Wei-wei,CHAI Yi,et al.Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Application on Safflower Growth and Flower Production[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):135.
[10]任思竹,郭亚萍,张国庆,等.蜜环菌菌种及配方的筛选[J].北方园艺,2013,37(18):145.
　RENSi-zhu,GUOYa-ping,ZHANGGuo-qing,et al.ScreeningonSpeciesandFormulationofArmillariamelleaStrains[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):145.

备注/Memo

第一作者简介：荀志丽（1986-），女，博士，助理研究员，现主要从事园艺作物栽培与生理生态等研究工作。E-mail：xzlgss@163.com.责任作者：李亚灵（1962-），女，博士，教授，现主要从事园艺作物栽培与生理生态等研究工作。E-mail：yalingli1988@163.com.基金项目：山西省自然科学基金资助项目（201801D121239）;山西省重点研发计划资助项目（201803D221001-1）。收稿日期：2021-07-26

更新日期/Last Update: 2022-04-09