TAN Junli,MA Yongxin,WANG Xina,et al.Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth，Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon Growing in Gravel-sand Mulched Field[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(07):30-38.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20212545]
生物有机肥替代氮肥对压砂西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth，Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon Growing in Gravel-sand Mulched Field
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以西瓜品种“金城5号”为试材，采用田间随机区组试验，研究了单施化肥（T1）、单施生物有机肥（T2，与化肥等氮量）、20%生物有机肥+80%氮肥（T3）、40%生物有机肥+60%氮肥(T4)、60%生物有机肥+40%氮肥(T5)及不施氮肥（CK）对压砂西瓜生长、产量、品质及施肥效益的影响，以期为宁夏压砂地西瓜合理施肥及可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明：生物有机肥替代氮肥不同程度地促进了西瓜的主蔓长、茎粗和叶片的生长，并显著提高了西瓜产量和品质。其中T5处理的产量最高，达32.1 t?hm-2，分别较CK和单施化肥（T1）提高了55.1％和46.6%。生物有机肥替代氮肥提高了氮肥农学效率和施肥效益；同时也降低了西瓜植株的得病率和死苗率；与单施化肥相比，T5处理的瓜心和瓜周可溶性固形物含量分别提高了12.7％和11.5％。综上所述，适量的生物有机肥替代化肥可有效促进压砂西瓜生长，提高产量及果实品质和氮肥农学效率与经济效益，60%生物有机肥+40%氮肥是适合当地压砂西瓜生产的施肥管理模式。
- Abstract:
- Taking watermelon variety of ‘Jincheng No.5’ as the test material，a field randomized-group experiment included sole application of chemical fertilizer (T1)，sole application of bio-organic fertilizer (T2，equal amount of nitrogen with chemical fertilizer)，20% bio-organic fertilizer+80% nitrogen fertilizer (T3)，40% bio-organic fertilizer+60% nitrogen fertilizer (T4)，60% bio organic fertilizer+40% nitrogen fertilizer (T5) and no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) treatments were carried out to investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer on the growth，yield，quality and fertilization benefits,in order to provide reference for the rational fertilization and sustainable development of watermelon growing in gravel-sand mulched field in Ningxia.The results showed that length of main stem，diameter of main stem，number of leaves and leaf area index of watermelon were increased at different degree with the treatments of bio-organic fertilizer partial instead of chemical fertilizer and T5 was the most appropriate treatment for the growth of watermelon.At the same time，bio-organic fertilizer partial instead of chemical fertilizer increased the total yield and commodity yield of watermelon and the treatment of T5 achieved the highest total yield of 31.2 t?hm-2 among the treatments，which raised by 55.1% and 46.6% compared with that no fertilization and sole chemical fertilizer.The bio-organic fertilizer substituted for N fertilizer improved the agronomic efficiency and fertilization efficiency of N fertilizer.Moreover，the seedling mortality and plant disease incidence were significantly decreased with bio-organic fertilizer partial instead of chemical fertilizer.Compared with sole chemical fertilizer，the soluble solids content in the center and at the edge of watermelon were significantly increased with bio-organic fertilizer partial instead of chemical N fertilizer (T5) by 12.7% and 11.5%，respectively.In a word，the treatment of T5 (60% N of bio-organic fertilizer+40% N of chemical fertilizer) was a suitable nitrogen fertilization strategy from the aspects of growth，yield，fruit quality，nitrogen agronomic efficiency and economic benefit for the local watermelon production.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：谭军利（1979-），男，博士，教授，现主要从事农业水资源高效利用等研究工作。E-mail：tanjl@nxu.edu.cn.基金项目：宁夏自然科学基金资助项目（2020AAC03090）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（31860590）；宁夏高等学校科学研究资助项目（NGY2018020）；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（水利工程）资助项目（NXYLXK2021A03）。收稿日期：2021-06-16