ZHANG Min,MA Miao.Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Three Medicinal Licorice Litters on the Growth of the Root Rot Pathogens[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(22):117-123.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20211085]
三种药用甘草凋落物的水浸提液对根腐病病原菌的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Three Medicinal Licorice Litters on the Growth of the Root Rot Pathogens
- Keywords:
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Glycyrrhiza glabra; Glycyrrhiza inflata; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium solani; root rot
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以根腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌为试材，采用外源添加法，分析了这2种病原菌对3种药用甘草根腐病的致病性能，研究了3种药用甘草凋落物（叶片）的水浸提液对尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌菌丝生长和产孢的影响，以期探究甘草凋落物与根腐病发生之间的内在联系。结果表明：尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌对3种药用甘草具有很强的致病性，可引起典型的根腐病害症状。在0.005~0.020 g?mL-1的浓度范围内，光果甘草和乌拉尔甘草叶片的水浸提液显著促进了2种病原菌的生长和繁殖，二者对尖孢镰刀菌的菌落直径和孢子量的促进效果最高分别可达14.06%、10.58%、24.50%和48.39%，对腐皮镰刀菌的菌落直径和孢子产量的促进效果最高分别可达8.79%、12.25%、17.11%和25.13%。胀果甘草叶片水浸提液对2种病原菌的菌丝生长和产孢则表现出“低促高抑”的特点，其最高使尖孢镰刀菌的菌落直径和孢子量分别显著增加了3.63%和14.86%，使腐皮镰刀菌的菌落直径和孢子量分别显著增加6.64%和16.58%。3种药用甘草叶片水浸提液对该2种病原菌生长和繁殖促进效果的强弱顺序依次为乌拉尔甘草>光果甘草>胀果甘草。综上所述，甘草叶片作为凋落物在农田中的大量积累可能是造成甘草连作背景下根腐病频发的主要原因,建议每年在叶片枯落前进行茎叶收割并及时移出农田。
- Abstract:
- Taking the pathogenic of Fusarium oxysporum and F.solani as test materials，the pathogenicity of these two pathogens to three kinds of medicinal licorice root rot was analyzed.Then the effects of aqueous extracts of three kinds of medicinallicoroce′s litters (leaves) on the mycelial growth and sporulation of F.oxysporum and F.solani were detected by the exogenous addition method,in order to explore the mechanism of the frequent occurrence of licorice root rot under continuous cropping condition.The results showed that F.oxysporum and F.solani had strong pathogenicity to the three kinds of medicinal licorices，and could cause typical symptoms of root rot disease.In the concentration range of 0.005-0.020 g?mL-1，the aqueous extracts of G.glabra and G.uralensis leaves significantly promoted the growth and reproduction of the two pathogens，which significantly increased the colony diameter and spore amount of F.oxysporum by 14.06%，10.58%，24.50% and 48.39%，and significantly increased the colony diameter and spore amount of F.solani by 8.79%，12.25%，17.11% and 25.13%，respectively.The aqueous extract of G.inflata leaves showed the characteristics of low promotion and high inhibition on the mycelial growth and spore production of the two pathogens，and its maximum increased the colony diameter and spore volume of F.oxysporum by 3.63% and 14.86%，which significantly increased the colony diameter and spore volume of F.solani by 6.54% and 16.58%.The order of the influence rate of the aqueous extracts of three kinds of medicinal licorice leaves on the growth and reproduction of two kinds of pathogens was G.uralensis>G.glabra >G.inflata.In conclusion，the large accumulation of leaves of three kinds of medicinal licoriceas litter in the farmland may be the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of root rot of licorice under continuous cropping condition.It is suggested that the licorice leaves should be harvested and removed annually before they turn into yellow and fall off.
参考文献/References:
[1]喻景权，杜尧舜.蔬菜设施栽培可持续发展中的连作障碍问题[J].沈阳农业大学学报，2000(1):124-136.[2]TAN Y，CUI Y，LI H，et al.Rhizospheric soil and root endogenous fungal diversity and composition in response to continuous Panax notoginseng cropping practices[J].Microbiological Research，2017，194:10-19.[3]杭烨，罗夫来，赵致，等.半夏间作不同作物对土壤微生物、养分及酶活性的影响研究[J].中药材，2018，41(7):1522-1528.[4]ZHAO Y，WU L，CHU L，et al.Interaction of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.heterophylla mediated by its root exudates in a consecutive monoculture system[J].Scientific Reports，2015(5):8197.[5]YAO C Z，JIANG Y T，YANG Y T，et al.Allelopathic effect of extracts from Panax notoginseng monocropped soil on its root rot pathogens[J].The Journal of Applied Ecology，2020，31(7):2227-2235.[6]齐永志，孙雅如，王冰，等.草莓根系分泌物和腐解物化感作用研究进展[J].园艺学报，2021,48(4):778-790.[7]TIAN G L，BI Y M，CHENG J D，et al.High concentration of ferulic acid in rhizosphere soil accounts for the occurrence of Fusarium wilt during the seedling stages of strawberry plants[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology，2019，108:101435.[8]李根新，马喜玲，朱强龙，等.辣椒化感物质成分分析及连作障碍缓解机制的研究进展[J].北方园艺，2020(7):152-158.[9]姚春芝，蒋宇婷，杨玉婷，等.三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应[J].应用生态学报，2020，31(7):2227-2235.[10]ZHOU X，WU F.Vanillic acid changed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp.communities[J].Scientific Reports，2018，8(1):4929.[11]李文斌，罗琳，崔洁，等.3种药用甘草的遗传多样性研究进展[J].中药材，2019，42(2):463-479.[12]高芬，任小霞，王梦亮，等.中草药根腐病及其微生物防治研究进展[J].中国中药杂志，2015，40(21):4122-4126.[13]曹占凤，王艳，陈秀蓉.甘肃省甘草病害种类调查及病原鉴定[J].中国现代中药，2014，16(12):1015-1028.[14]曹雪梅，李生兵，张惠玲,等.甘草根腐病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报，2014，44(2):213-216.[15]董艳，董坤，杨智仙，等.肉桂酸加剧蚕豆枯萎病发生的根际微生物效应[J].园艺学报，2016，43(8):1525-1536.[16]盖智星,王日葵,贺明阳,等.肉桂酸钾对柑橘采后主要病原真菌的抑制作用[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(3):109-113.[17]吕富成，王小丹.凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献研究进展[J].土壤，2017，49(2):225-231.[18]曹兴，刘南南，胡燕佩，等.百合鳞茎腐烂病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究[J].河南农业科学，2018，47(12):96-101.[19]杨瑞先，刘萍，汪玉婷,等.洛阳地区牡丹根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定[J].北方园艺，2021(1):59-66.[20]扈顺，高婧，王勇，等.西芹根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定[J].北方农业学报，2019，47(5):65-69.[21]李雪枫，王坚，胡坚，等.瓜类蔬菜化感作用研究进展[J].北方园艺，2019(16):136-145.[22]吕慧芳.小麦-西瓜间作体系中根系分泌物的变化及其对西瓜枯萎病抗性的影响机制[D].武汉:华中农业大学，2019.[23]郝文雅.西瓜、水稻根系分泌物中的化感物质对西瓜连作枯萎病的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学，2010.
相似文献/References:
[1]曹 君 迈,赵 海 燕,韩 凤 兰.不同激素处理对乌拉尔甘草愈伤组织中甘草酸含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010,34(09):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201009075]
CAO Jun -mai,ZHAO Hai-yan,HAN Feng -lan.Effects of Different Hormones Combination on Glycyrrhizic Acid Production in Different Explant Calli of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(22):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201009075]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张敏(1994-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail:1183195096@qq.com.责任作者：马淼(1970-)，男，博士，教授，现主要从事植物生态学等研究工作。E-mail:mamiaogg@126.com.基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（31360047）；兵团科技发展专项资助项目（2018AB012）。收稿日期：2021-03-15