[1]王站付,黄璐璐,王从,等.不同施肥方案对设施菜田土壤氨挥发及番茄生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2021,(20):59-66.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20210181]
　WANG Zhanfu,HUANG Lulu,WANG Cong,et al.Effects of Different Fertilization Schemes on Soil Ammonia Volatilization and Tomato Growth in the Facility Vegetable Field[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(20):59-66.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20210181]
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不同施肥方案对设施菜田土壤氨挥发及番茄生长的影响

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 期数: 2021年20 页码: 59-66 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-10-30
Title:
Effects of Different Fertilization Schemes on Soil Ammonia Volatilization and Tomato Growth in the Facility Vegetable Field
作者:
王站付1; 黄璐璐1; 王从2; 徐春花1; 朱恩1; 金海洋1
（1.上海市农业技术推广服务中心，上海 201103；2.上海市农业科学院，上海 201106）
Author(s):
WANG Zhanfu1; HUANG Lulu1; WANG Cong2; XU Chunhua1; ZHU En1; JIN Haiyang1
(1.Extension Service Center of Agricultural Technology of Shanghai，Shanghai 201103；2.Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shanghai 201106)
关键词:
设施菜田; 氨挥发; 番茄; 产量
Keywords:
facility vegetable field; ammonia volatilization; tomato; yield
DOI:
10.11937/bfyy.20210181
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
以番茄为研究对象，采用密闭式集气法对各施肥方案的氨挥发进行田间定位监测，研究了不同施肥方案下设施菜田土壤的氨挥发速率、累积量及番茄产量，以期探明不同施肥模式下设施菜田土壤氨挥发损失的基本规律和减少氨挥发损失的主要施肥技术，为氮肥的合理施用提供参考依据。结果表明：不同施肥处理番茄生育期氨挥发累积量表现为CK>T3>T6>T1>T2>T5>T4。其中，T4处理氨挥发累积量最低为4.29 kg?hm-2，比CK低27.78%；T5、T2、T1、T6、T3处理氨挥发累计量比CK分别降低25.93%、23.10%、22.63%、19.04%、12.08%。基肥、第2次追肥施入7 d内氨挥发累积量合计占全生育期氨挥发总量的54.47%~66.18%，施肥量和温度可能是影响氨挥发的主要原因。番茄产量表现为T6>T2>T5>T3>CK>T1>T4，T6处理产量最高达88 204.04 kg?hm-2，较CK增产38.84%，且氨挥发累计量较小。综合番茄产量及环境效益，该区域推荐的设施番茄施肥方案为T2、T3、T5、T6。减少化肥施用，合理配施有机肥、微生物肥、水溶肥等，可显著降低土壤氨挥发，提高番茄产量，节约施肥成本。
Abstract:
Tomato was selected as the research object.The closed gas collection method was used to monitor the ammonia volatilization of each fertilization scheme in the field.The ammonia volatilization rate,accumulation of facility vegetable soil and tomato yield under different fertilization schemes were studied,in order to effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization,improve tomato yield and rational fertilization.The results showed that the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization during tomato growth period under different fertilization treatments was as follows,CK>T3>T6>T1>T2>T5>T4.Among them,the lowest cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of T4 was 4.29 kg?hm-2,which was 27.78% lower than that of CK.The cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of T5,T2,T1,T6 and T3 were 25.93%,23.10%,22.63%,19.04%,12.08% lower than CK,respectively.The cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization within 7 days of basal fertilizer and second top-dressing application accounted for 54.47%-66.18% of the total ammonia volatilization during the whole growth period.The amount of fertilizer and temperature may be the main reasons affecting ammonia volatilization.The yield of tomato was T6>T2>T5>T3>CK>T1>T4.The yield of T6 was as high as 88 204.04 kg?hm-2,which was 38.84% higher than that of CK,and the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was small.Comprehensive tomato production and environmental benefits,the recommended fertilization program for facility tomato in this area was T2,T3,T5,T6.Through reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and the rational application of organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers in tomato production in greenhouse,the soil ammonia volatilization could be significantly reduced,and the yield could be increased,the cost of fertilization would be saved.

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备注/Memo

第一作者简介：王站付（1985-），男，硕士，农艺师，现主要从事土壤肥料与生态农业推广等研究工作。E-mail:zhanfuwang@126.com.责任作者：金海洋（1974-），男，硕士，高级农艺师，现主要从事农业环境保护等研究工作。E-mail:jinhaiyang5219@163.com.基金项目：上海市科技兴农资助项目（沪农科推字[2019]第2-1号）。收稿日期：2021-01-14

更新日期/Last Update: 2022-02-07