CHEN Zhikun,FENG Puyang,JING Guanghua,et al.Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Quality of Typical Saline-alkali Soil With Plastic Shed in the Middle of Shaanxi[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(20):83-91.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20200003]
不同改良措施对关中典型设施盐碱土质量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Quality of Typical Saline-alkali Soil With Plastic Shed in the Middle of Shaanxi
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为改善关中典型设施盐碱土质量，通过在大荔盐碱土中对设施冬枣种植区设置常规管理（S0）、生物有机肥（S1）、农家土粪肥（S2）和玉米秸秆覆盖（S3）4个改良土壤处理，以土壤肥力综合指数（IFI）为评价指标，分析了不同改良措施对关中典型设施盐碱地不同土层质量的影响，以期改善关中典型设施盐碱土质量。结果表明：改良措施不同程度地降低土壤碱性和盐性；生物有机肥和腐熟牛粪添加显著降低土壤pH，而玉米秸秆覆盖对土壤pH无显著影响，但玉米秸秆覆盖脱盐率最高；改良措施总体提高土壤养分和土壤肥力综合指数，且不同改良措施对各土壤养分含量和土壤肥力影响有所差异；生物有机肥和农家土粪肥显著提高盐碱化土壤养分和肥力，生物有机肥使0~20 cm的土壤阳离子交换量、碱解氮、有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤肥力综合指数分别增加了29.1%、262.4%、35.9%、596.8%、91.9%和71.5%；秸秆覆盖在一定程度上增加耕作层土壤肥力指数，但对深层土壤肥力的提高有限。因此，关中典型设施盐碱地综合改良过程合理施用生物有机肥对土壤整体质量具有明显改善效果。
- Abstract:
- In order to improve the quality of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in the middle of Shaanxi,routine management (S0),biological organic fertilizer (S1),farm soil manure (S2),and corn stalk mulch (S3) for winter jujube in plastic shed of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in Dali were established.Integrated fertility index (IFI) was adopted to assess soil fertility.In order to improve the quality of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in the middle of Shaanxi.The results showed that improvement measures could decrease soil alkaline and salinity to different degrees.Bio-organic fertilizer (mushroom residue) and farm manure significantly reduced soil pH while corn straw mulching had no significant difference on soil pH.The desalinization rate was highest after corn straw mulching.Improvement measures overall increased soil nutrients and soil IFI,with different effects on various soil nutrients and fertility index.Bio-organic fertilizer (mushroom residue) and farm manure significantly increased soil nutrients and fertility.Take the depth of 0-20 cm as an example,cation exchange capacity (CEC),available nitrogen,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and IFI increased by 29.1%，262.4%，35.9%,596.8%,91.9% and 71.5%,respectively.Corn straw mulching increased to a certain degree soil fertility index in plough layer.However,the increasing of soil fertility in deep layer was limited.Therefore,the reasonable application of bio-organic fertilizer in the comprehensive improvement process of saline-alkali land of greenhouse in Guanzhong has a significant improvement effect on the overall soil quality.
参考文献/References:
[1]郑普山,郝保平,冯悦晨,等.不同盐碱地改良剂对土壤理化性质、紫花苜蓿生长及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1216-1221.[2]王若水,康跃虎,万书勤,等.水分调控对盐碱地土壤盐分与养分含量及分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):96-104.[3]姜同轩,黄超,刘娟,等.不同灌量下脱硫石膏对盐碱土壤盐分运移的影响[J].北方园艺,2019(1):120-126.[4]李彬,王志春,孙志高,等.中国盐碱地资源与可持续利用研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(2):154-158.[5]张建兵,杨劲松,李芙荣,等.有机肥与覆盖对苏北滩涂重度盐渍土壤水盐调控效应分析[J].土壤学报,2014(1):184-188.[6]徐子棋,许晓鸿.松嫩平原苏打盐碱地成因、特点及治理措施研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2018(2):54-60.[7]许景钢,孙涛,李嵩.我国微生物肥料的研发及其在农业生产中的应用[J].作物杂志,2016(1):1-6.[8]杨雪梅.大荔不同土壤主要特性对紫花苜蓿生产适宜性的研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2017.[9]秦嘉海.免耕留茬秸秆覆盖对河西走廊荒漠化土壤改土培肥效应的研究[J].土壤,2005,37(4):447-450.[10]党宇杰.大荔：“1+”再筑农业高质量发展新高地 2019[EB/OL].http://www.dalisn.gov.cn/xwzx/bdyw/122977.htm.（2019-12-26）[2019-12-30].[11]彭澎,梁龙,李海龙,等.我国设施农业现状、问题与发展建议[J].北方园艺,2019(5):161-168.[12]蔡祖聪.我国设施栽培养分管理中待解的科学和技术问题[J].土壤学报,2019,56(1):36-43.[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.[14]骆东奇,白洁,谢德体.论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(2):202-205.[15]周勇,张海涛,汪善勤,等.江汉平原后湖地区土壤肥力综合评价方法及其应用[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):70-74.[16]于寒青,徐明岗,吕家珑,等.长期施肥下红壤地区土壤熟化肥力评价[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1772-1778.[17]张丽琼.长期轮作与施肥对土壤肥力的影响及其综合评价[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2016.[18]骆伯胜,钟继洪,陈俊坚.土壤肥力数值化综合评价研究[J].土壤,2010,21(7):1772-1778.[19]QADIR M,QURESHI R H,AHMAD N.Amelioration of calcareous saline sodic soils through phytoremediation and chemical strategies[J].Soil Use & Management,2010,18(4):381-385.[20]COOK H F,VALDES G S B,LEE H C.Mulch effects on rainfall interception,soil physical characteristics and temperature under Zea mays L.[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2006,91(1):227-235.[21]李志友.生物有机肥对蓝莓根区土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):36-42.[22]孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.[23]徐国伟,段骅,王志琴,等.麦秸还田对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):934-942．[24]马芊红,张光辉,耿韧,等.我国水蚀区坡耕地土壤肥力现状分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):190-196,204.[25]隋跃宇,张兴义,焦晓光,等.长期不同施肥制度对农田黑土有机质和氮素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):190-192,200.[26]陈轩敬,赵亚南,柴冠群,等.长期不同施肥下紫色土综合肥力演变及作物产量响应[J].农业工程学报,2016(S1):139-144.[27]YANG F,DONG Y,XU M G,et al.Effects of straw returning on the integrated soil fertility and crop yield in southern China[J].The Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,23(11):3040-3044.
相似文献/References:
[1]李杰,姬景红,李玉影,等.不同改良措施对保护地土壤盐分积累及离子组成的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(07):159.
LI Jie,JI Jing-hong,LI Yu-ying,et al.Effect of Different Improvement Measures on Salt Accumulating and Ion Composition of Protected Soil[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(20):159.
[2]宋 彬,王富荣,沈鉴宇.枣树落花落果主要改良措施比较分析[J].北方园艺,2015,39(03):165.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503048]
SONG Bin,WANG Fu-rong,SHEN Jian-yu.Comparison and Analysis of the Main Improvement Measures for Flower and Young Fruit Drop of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(20):165.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503048]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：陈智坤（1987-），男，博士研究生，助理研究员，现主要从事土壤质量评价及修复等工作。E-mail：zhikunchen@ms.xab.ac.cn.责任作者：黄标（1962-），男，博士，研究员，现主要从事土壤环境质量等研究工作。E-mail：bhuang@issas.ac.cn.基金项目：中国科学院重点部署资助项目（KJZD-EW-TZ-G10）；陕西省科技厅重点资助项目（2017ZDXM-NY-049）；西安市科技局科技计划资助项目（2017127SF/SF021）。收稿日期：2020-01-01