ZHANG Ming,MA Chao,GE Bangguo,et al.Effects of Hot Air Drying Temperature on the Drying Process of Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(19):102-106.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20194899]
干燥温度对西兰花热风干燥过程的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Hot Air Drying Temperature on the Drying Process of Broccoli
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以西兰花鲜品为试材，采用热风恒温干燥及热风变温组合干燥形式对其进行干燥处理，确定西兰花最适热风干燥方式，以期为西兰花热风干燥方式的选择提供了参考依据。结果表明：对热风恒温干燥，随着干燥温度的升高，物料脱水速率越快，0~2.0 h，脱水速率较低，2.0~6.0 h，70、80、90 ℃干燥脱水速率最快；4.5~10.5 h，50、60 ℃脱水速率较快。干燥温度越低，物料绿色色泽保持越好。随着干燥时间的延长，物料还原糖含量整体呈先升高后降低趋势；对于热风变温干燥，不同变温组合确实可对物料干燥速率产生一定影响，分段升温和梯度升温过程中干燥速率可能稍慢，但整体干燥效率较好，分段降温干燥速率要强于梯度降温，梯度升温干燥更利于绿色色泽的保持，随着干燥时间的延长，物料还原糖含量整体呈先升高后降低趋势。综上，从干燥效率、色泽保持等方面考虑，梯度升温模式更适宜于西兰花热风干燥。
- Abstract:
- Fresh broccoli was used as the test material,and it was dried by a combination of hot air constant temperature drying and hot air temperature-variable drying,in order to determine the most suitable hot air drying method for broccoli.This study provided a reference for the choice of broccoli hot air drying method.The results showed that for constant temperature drying with hot air,as the drying temperature increases,the material dehydration rate was faster,and within 0-2.0 hours,the dehydration rate was lower,within 2.0-6.0 hours,70,80,90 ℃ dry dehydration were the fastest rate.Within 4.5-10.5 hours,the dehydration rate was faster at 50 ℃ and 60 ℃.The lower the drying temperature,the better the green color of the material.With the extension of the drying time,the reducing sugar content of the material as a whole increases first and then decreased;for hot air variable temperature drying,different combinations of variable temperature could indeed had a certain effect on the drying rate of the material,and the drying rate might be slightly slower during the stepwise heating and gradient heating,that the overall drying efficiency was better.The staged cooling drying rate was stronger than the gradient cooling.The gradient heating drying was more conducive to the maintenance of green color.With the extension of the drying time,the overall reducing sugar content of the material increases first and then decreased.In summary,from the aspects of drying efficiency and color retention,the gradient heating mode was more suitable for broccoli hot air drying.
参考文献/References:
[1]刘玉环,德江,冯九海,等.西兰花真空冷冻干燥的加工工艺及机理[J].食品与发酵工业,2008,34(10):110-112.[2]袁定帅,陈洁,赖晓芳,等.热加工对西兰花营养品质及抗氧化性的影响[J].河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）,2016,37(5):91-95.[3]TILAAR W,ASHARI S,YANUWIADI B,et al.Synthesis of sulforaphane during the formation of plantlets from broccoli (Brassica oleracea Lvar italica) in vitro[J].International Journal of Engineering and Technology,2012(3):1-5.[4]周水琴,应义斌.食品干燥技术及应用[J].农机化研究,2003(4):150-152.[5]魏巍,李维新,何志刚,等.绿茶微波真空干燥特性及动力学模型[J].农业工程学报,2010(10):367-371.[6]何新益,冯瑞伟,黄宗海,等.冬枣变温压差膨化干燥工艺的研究[J].食品与机械,2010,26(4):126-128.[7]陈汝财.喷雾干燥技术在保健食品中的应用研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2008.[8]刘玉环,杨德江,冯九海,等.西兰花真空冷冻干燥的加工工艺及机理[J].食品与发酵工业,2008,34(10):110-112.[9]廖小军.果蔬加工技术四大趋势[J].江西食品工业,2002(1):46-47.[10]安东.黑蒜加工工艺的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.[11]王桂欣.枣粉干燥过程美拉德反应程度及相关品质变化与控制[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.[12]李琼,陈恺,许铭强,等.干制条件对杏果中糖含量变化的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(5):185-191.
相似文献/References:
[1]李晓旭,李家政.西兰花采后生理及保鲜技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):196.
LI Xiao-xu,LI Jia-zheng.Research Process on Postharvest Physiology and Preservation Technology of Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(19):196.
[2]汪恩国,刘伟明.台州西兰花斜纹夜蛾种群数量消长规律研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(15):137.
WANG En-guo,LIU Wei-ming.Study on Spodoptera litura(Fabricins) Population Dynamics Regularity on Broccoli in Taizhou Area[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(19):137.
[3]刘然然,寇莉萍,阎瑞香.发光二极管绿光照射对精品蔬菜货架期品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(08):5.
LIU Ran-ran,KOU Li-ping,YAN Rui-xiang.Effects of LED Green Light Irradiation on Quality of Vegetables in Shelf Life[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(19):5.
[4]刘伟明,汪恩国.西兰花高产高效栽培中主要栽培因子与其生育期和产量关系的数学模型研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(08):48.
LIU Wei-ming,WANG En-guo.Research on the Mathematical Models Between the Main Cultivation Factor and Reproductive Stage and Yield of Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(19):48.
[5]薛美琼.西兰花漂浮育苗与湿润育苗对比研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(16):34.
XUE Mei-qiong.Comparative Study on Broccoli Floating Seedlings and Moisture Seedlings[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(19):34.
[6]刘会玲,梁硕,王艳群,等.西兰花优化施肥及适宜微生物肥料筛选[J].北方园艺,2015,39(08):162.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201508043]
LIU Hui-ling,LIANG Shuo,WANG Yan-qun,et al.The Optimized Fertilization and Screening of Suitable Microbial Fertilizer on Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(19):162.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201508043]
[7]吕凤艳,郭衍银,王兆全.西兰花气调保鲜过程中O2缓解CO2伤害的研究[J].北方园艺,2016,40(13):132.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201613035]
LYU Fengyan,GUO Yanyin,WANG Zhaoquan.Study on the Alleviation of O2 to CO2 Injury During Broccoli Storage Under Controlled Atmospheres[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(19):132.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201613035]
[8]王 鹏,王 净,李 卫 欣,等.西 兰 花 降 低 花 茎 空 心 率 试 验[J].北方园艺,2009,33(07):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200907027]
W ANG Peng,W ANG Jing,LI Wei - xin,et al.Experiment of Reduce Hollow Stalk Ratio of Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2009,33(19):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200907027]
[9]杨 眉,于凤泉,李志强,等.生物肥对西兰花产量及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2010,34(03):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201003083]
YANG MeiI,YU Feng-quanI,LI Zhi-qiang,et al.Studies on Effects of Biological Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Broccoli[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(19):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201003083]
[10]杜娟,廖新福,热比古丽?哈力克,等.热风干燥对哈密瓜制干效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(22):140.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201622035]
DU Juan,LIAO Xinfu,Rebiguli?HALIKE,et al.Effect of Hot Air Drying on Melon Dried Result[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(19):140.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201622035]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张明（1988-），男，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事果蔬天然产物提取及功能食品研发等研究工作。E-mail:zhangming_101@126.com.责任作者：：马超（1982-），男，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事果蔬天然产物提取和功能食品开发等研究工作。E-mail:mch.01@163.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFD0400905）。收稿日期：2019-12-17