QIN Yaxu,WANG Chong,ZHENG Zhaoxia,et al.Effects of Biochar-based Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Apple and Soil Fertility[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(18):18-24.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20194623]
生物炭基肥对苹果产量品质及土壤肥力的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Biochar-based Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Apple and Soil Fertility
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以十五年生“乔化”红富士苹果为试材,以课题组自行研制开发的生物炭基苹果专用肥为研究对象,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同施肥处理对苹果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响,以期为有机肥替代化肥,减少化肥使用提供参考依据。结果表明:当生物炭基苹果专用肥施入土壤后,土壤含水量、pH、全氮、有机质和速效钾含量均有不同程度的提高,除土壤含水量以外,各指标T1处理与CK均差异显著;土壤速效磷含量下降,最高下降1450%。T1、T2、T3处理的叶片氮、磷、钾养分含量较CK均有所下降。植株的SPAD值、百叶厚、百叶质量、叶片水分的高低顺序为T1>T2>T3>CK;各处理间新梢长度、百叶厚、水分无显著差异;T1处理的SPAD值和百叶质量与CK处理相比差异显著。与CK相比,T1处理产量增加了1423%。炭基肥的施用降低了果实的硬度,各处理间无显著差异;T1、T2、T3处理的可溶性固形物含量高于CK,分别比对照增加3663%、2820%、916%;施用炭基肥显著提高了果实的糖酸比,增幅为895%~2906%;T1、T2、T3果实中维生素C含量分别增加了505、240、032 mg?(100g)-1。生物炭基苹果专用肥施入土壤后可以改良土壤理化性状,促进树体生长,提高苹果产量,改善果实品质。
- Abstract:
- Using 15-year-old ‘Qiaohua’ Fuji apple and the biochar apple special fertilizer independently developed by the research group as the test materials,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield,quality and soil fertility of apples were studied in field plot experiment,in order to provide scientific basis for organic fertilizer to replace fertilizer and reduce the use of fertilitzer.The results showed that when biochar-based apple special fertilizer was applied into the soil,the contents of soil water content,pH,total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium all increased to different degrees.Except for soil water content,T1 treatment had significant differences with CK treatment.The content of available phosphorus in soil decreased by up to 14.50%.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves treated by T1,T2 and T3 were all lower than those treated by CK.The order of SPAD value,hecto-leaf thickness,hecto-leaf weight and leaf water of the plant was T1>T2>T3>CK.There was no significant difference in shoot length,hecto-leaf thickness and water content between treatments.The SPAD and hecto-leaf quality of T1 treatment were significantly different from that of CK treatment.Compared with CK,T1 treatment yield increased by 14.23%.The application of biochar-based fertilizer reduced the fruit hardness,and there was no significant difference between treatments.The content of soluble solids in T1,T2 and T3 was higher than that in CK and increased by 36.63%,28.20% and 9.16%,respectively,compared with the control group.The sugar-acid ratio of fruit increased by 8.95%-29.06% after applying biochar-based fertilizer.The vitamin C content in T1,T2 and T3 fruits increased by 5.05,2.40,0.32 mg?(100g)-1,respectively.Biochar-based apple fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties,promote tree growth,increase apple yield and improve fruit quality.
参考文献/References:
[1]中国农业统计年鉴[DB/OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/.[2018-12-31].[2]王小英,同延安,刘芬,等.陕西省苹果施肥状况评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):206-213.[3]赵佐平,同延安,刘芬,等.渭北旱塬苹果园施肥现状分析评估[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):1003-1009.[4]李喜凤,杨小妮,罗艳君,等.生物炭及有机肥对苹果园土壤有机碳组分及果树生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(4):617-624.[5]朱浩宇,高明,龙翼,等.化肥减量有机替代对紫色土旱坡地土壤氮磷养分及作物产量的影响[J].环境科学,2020,41(4):1921-1929.[6]孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,等.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(4):716-723.[7]MORADI S,RASOULI-SADAGHIANI M H,SEPEHR E,et al.Soil nutrients status affected by simple and enriched biochar application under salinity conditions[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2019,191(4):1-13.[8]GIULIA CIM,KUCERIK J,BERNS A E,et al.Effect of heating time and temperature on the chemical characteristics of biochar from poultry manure[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2014,62(8):1912-1928.[9]刘玉学,王耀锋,吕豪豪,等.生物质炭化还田对稻田温室气体排放及土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2166-2172.[10]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.[11]康日峰,张乃明,史静,等.生物炭基肥料对小麦生长、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(6):33-38.[12]ZAFFAR M,ZONG Y,LU S G,et al.Effect of biochar and quicklime on growth of wheat and physicochemical properties of Ultisols[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(17):1-12.[13]解秋,王敏,张旭辉,等.木醋液-生物质炭基肥对玉米苗期生长及氮素利用率的影响[J].土壤通报,2018,49(5):1165-1169.[14]SAHIN M O,TASKIN E B,KAYA O C,et al.Effect of acid modification of biochar on nutrient availability and maize growth in a calcareous soil[J].Soil Use and Management,2017,33(3):447-456.[15]陈琳,乔志刚,李恋卿,等.施用生物质炭基肥对水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(5):671-675.[16]CHEN Y,SHEN Y Y,LI B P,et al.The effect of biochar amendment to soils on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) on rice[J].Crop Protection,2019,124:105-113.[17]李玉梅,王根林,李欣洁,等.生物炭对土壤物理性状及异噁草松消减的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):729-734.[18]张千丰,王光华.生物炭理化性质及对土壤改良效果的研究进展[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):219-226.[19]TRYON E H.Effect of charcoal on certain physical,chemical,and biological properties of forest soils[J].Ecolical Monographs,2008,18(8):81-115.[20]ZWIETEN V L,KIMBER S,MORRIS S,et al.Effect of biochar from slow pyrolysisi of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1-2):235-246.[21]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.[22]曾爱,廖允成,张俊丽,等.生物炭对塿土土壤含水量、有机碳及速效养分含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):1009-1015.[23]SAFAEI K M,ZHANG G,FATEMI A,et al.Impact of biochar and compost amendment on soil quality,growth and yield of a replanted apple orchard in a 4-year field study[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2019,99(4):1862-1869.[24]蒋惠,郭雁君,张小凤,等.生物炭对砂糖桔叶果和土壤理化性状的影响[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2057-2063.[25]杨劲峰,江彤,韩晓日,等.连续施用炭基肥对花生土壤性质和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(3):68-73.[26]乔光,田田,洪怡,等.生物炭对玛瑙红樱桃生长、果实品质及土壤矿质元素的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(4):904-908.[27]马嘉伟,胡杨勇,叶正钱,等.竹炭对红壤改良及青菜养分吸收、产量和品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(5):655-661.[28]AKHTAR S S,LI G T,ANDERSEN M N,et al.Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,138:37-44.[29]武春成,李天来,曹霞,等.添加生物炭对连作营养基质理化性质及黄瓜生长的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(8):1534-1539.[30]乔志刚,付嘉英,郑金伟,等.不同炭基肥对青椒生长、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):174-179.
相似文献/References:
[1]杜洪业,田华林,徐 润,等.黔南州核桃优树叶片营养元素和土壤性质相关分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):156.
DU Hong-ye,TIAN Hua-lin,XU Run,et al.Correlation Analysis Between Leaf Nutrient of Superior Juglans sigillata and Soil Property in Qiannan State[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(18):156.
[2]李文凤,房翠翠,牛玉昊,等.高原地区不同农作物土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):159.
LI Wen-feng,FANG Cui-cui,NIU Yu-hao,et al.The Feature of Soil Enzyme Activities With Different Crops and Soil Nutrient in the Plateau Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(18):159.
[3]韩翔,李英丽,刘水林,等.不同覆盖物对盆栽梨树土壤理化性状的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(05):6.
Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Potted Pear Trees.Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Potted Pear Trees[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(18):6.
[4]袁启凤,陈守一,江 婷,等.有机氮甘氨酸对牛肉红朱橘苗根际土壤养分的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):156.
YUAN Qi-feng,CHEN Shou-yi,JIANG Ting,et al.Effect of Different Concentration of Organic Nitrogen Glycine on Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient of C.Reticulata Seedling[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(18):156.
[5]李 华,王 英,马雪峰,等.宁夏灵武长枣示范园区土壤养分调查与分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):178.
LI Hua,WANG Ying,MA Xue-feng,et al.Investigation and Analysis of Soil Nutrient in Lingwuchangzao Demonstration Garden in Ningxia[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(18):178.
[6]朱华,谢锋,李振志,等.土壤因子与金槐槐米有效成分含量的相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(15):173.
ZHU Hua,XIE Feng,LI Zhen-zhi,et al.Correlation Analysis on Soil Factor and Active Components of Flos sophorae[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(18):173.
[7]吴正超,刘小虎,高晓宁,等.沈阳东陵树莓种植区土壤养分状况调查与分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(15):176.
WU Zheng-chao,LIU Xiao-hu,GAO Xiao-ning,et al.Investigation and Analysis of Soil Nutrient in the Raspberry Planting Area in Dongling District of Shenyang[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(18):176.
[8]刘方,冯仕江,张雷一,等.生物质炭对喀斯特山区连作蔬菜地土壤有效养分及水分的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(07):158.
LIU Fang,FENG Shi-jiang,ZHANG Lei-yi,et al.Influence of Applying Biochar on Soil Available Nutrients and Soil Moisture at Continuous Vegetation Plantations of Karst Hilly Areas[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(18):158.
[9]张翠翠,张少伟,常介田.葡萄园行间生草对土壤养分及微生物的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(03):181.
ZHANG Cui-cui,ZHANG Shao-wei,CHANG Jie-tian.Effect of Green Covering on Soil Nutrient and Microorganism of Vineyard[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(18):181.
[10]王玲玲,戴全厚.贵州威宁草海沙河小流域土壤养分分布特征研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(07):181.
WANG Ling-ling,DAI Quan-hou.Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrient in Shahe Small Watershed of Guizhou Weining Caohai[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(18):181.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:秦亚旭(1994-),男,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,研究方向为新型肥料研发。E-mail:1125210925@qq.com.责任作者:翟丙年(1967-),男,博士,教授,现主要从事植物营养调控与旱地水肥管理研究及新型肥料研发等工作。E-mail:zhaibingnian@nwafu.edu.cn.基金项目:西北农林科技大学-北京三聚绿能科技有限公司横向合作资助项目(SJLN-2017-170026);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-27);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201303104);陕西省农业科技创新转化资助项目(NYKJ-2015-17)。收稿日期:2019-12-08