NIU Yaqiong,WU Xinghong,RAN Bin,et al.Effects of Turning Leguminous Green Manure on Yield Quality and Soil Fertility of Kiwifruit[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(05):87-94.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20192826]
豆科绿肥翻压对猕猴桃产质量和土壤肥力的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Turning Leguminous Green Manure on Yield Quality and Soil Fertility of Kiwifruit
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以山黧豆、毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆为试材，采用随机区组设计，以清耕为对照(CK)，在猕猴桃成熟期取样，通过对猕猴桃产量、品质及果园土壤理化性质的测定，比较分析了翻压不同绿肥对猕猴桃产质量及猕猴桃园土壤肥力的影响，并对3种绿肥的培肥效果进行比较，以期为猕猴桃园筛选较适宜的绿肥品种。结果表明：与对照相比，翻压绿肥的各处理土壤容重降幅为9.90%~14.79%，其中山黧豆效果好于其它2种绿肥；土壤含水率、总孔隙度、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效钾含量、有效磷含量、有机质含量、全磷含量、全钾含量增幅分别为12.47%~41.68%、12.45%~12.47%、7.40%~18.52%、10.61%~21.90%、13.45%~29.51%、58.04%~108.67%、5.35%~11.58%、18.00%~36.37%、2.78%~3.70%，其中翻压山黧豆土壤总孔隙度含量最高，翻压毛叶苕子土壤含水率、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、全磷含量、全钾含量最高，翻压箭筈豌豆速效钾、有机质含量最大；翻压绿肥较清耕处理猕猴桃植株挂果直径、主干直径、最大叶长、叶宽、叶面积、百叶质量、叶片干物质含量以及植株全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、叶绿素含量增幅分别为19.72%~28.95%、9.41%~19.40%、2.06%~8.04%、2.50%~15.60%、0.79%~24.70%、5.35%~24.43%、6.43%~16.61%、2.02%~5.32%、8.70%~13.04%、5.95%~15.48%、13.06%~31.62%，其中翻压箭筈豌豆挂果直径、主干直径、叶面积、百叶质量增加幅度最大，翻压山黧豆猕猴桃植株最大叶长、叶宽增加最多，翻压毛叶苕子叶片干物质含量以及植株全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、叶绿素含量增加最多；翻压绿肥猕猴桃产量增加依次表现为毛叶苕子>山黧豆>箭筈豌豆>清耕，其中翻压毛叶苕子增产幅度达24.49%；翻压绿肥维生素C含量表现为毛叶苕子>箭筈豌豆>山黧豆>清耕，可溶性糖含量、可溶性固物含量均依次表现为山黧豆>箭筈豌豆>毛叶苕子>清耕；以上结果说明3种绿肥均可增加猕猴桃产量，提高猕猴桃品质及改善果园土壤环境，其中翻压毛叶苕子较其它2种绿肥综合效果更为显著，因此最适宜在该猕猴桃园种植翻压。
- Abstract:
- Taking Lathyrus sativus，Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativain as test materials，a random block design was adopted，and clear-cultivated was used as a control (CK)，samples were taken during the kiwifruit maturity period，the effects of different green manure turnover on the yield and quality of kiwifruit and soil fertility in kiwifruit garden were compared and analyzed，and the fertilizing effects of three kinds of green manure were compared.The results showed that compared with the control，the soil bulk density of each treatment of pressure-reduced green manure decreased by 9.90% to 14.79%，and the effect of Lathyrus sativus was better than the other two kinds of green manure；soil moisture content，total porosity，total nitrogen content，alkaline nitrogen content，available potassium content，available phosphorus content，organic matter content，total phosphorus content，and total potassium content increased by 12.47%-41.68%，12.45%-12.47%，7.40%-18.52%，10.61%-21.90%，13.45%-29.51%，58.04%-108.67%，5.35%-11.58%，18.00%-36.37%，2.78%-3.70%，respectively，among them，the content of total porosity in the soil of Lathyrus sativus was the highest，and the soil moisture content，total nitrogen content，alkaline nitrogen content，available phosphorus content，total phosphorus content，and total potassium content of Vicia villosa Roth were the highest,the most effective potassium and organic matter content in Vicia sativain，the pressure of green manure was higher than that of clear-cultivated kiwi plants，the diameters of fruit hanging，trunk diameter，maximum leaf length，leaf width，leaf area，louver quality，leaf dry matter content，and plant total nitrogen content，total phosphorus content，total potassium content，and chlorophyll content increased 19.72%-28.95%，9.41%-19.40%，2.06%-8.04%，2.50%-15.60%，0.79%-24.70%，5.35%-24.43%，6.43%-16.61%，2.02%-5.32%，8.70%-13.04%，5.95%-15.48%，13.06%-31.62%，respectively，among them，the largest increase in diameter，stem diameter，leaf area，and louver quality of the compress Vicia sativain，and the maximum leaf length and the width increased the most，and the dry matter content and the total nitrogen content，total phosphorus content，total potassium content，and chlorophyll content of the compress Vicia villosa Roth were most increased；the yield of turning green manure kiwifruit increased in turn as follows,Vicia villosa Roth>Lathyrus sativus>Vicia sativain>clear tillage，and the yield of turning green manure increased by 24.49%；the vitamin C content of turning green manure was as follows,Vicia villosa Roth>Vicia sativain>Lathyrus sativus>clear tillage，and the soluble sugar and soluble solids were as follows,Lathyrus sativus>Vicia sativain>Vicia villosa Roth>clear tillage；the above results showed that all three kinds of green manure could increase the yield of kiwi fruit，improve the quality of kiwifruit and improve the soil environment of the orchard.Among them，the combined effect of compressed Vicia villosa Roth was more significant than the other two kinds of green manure，so it was most suitable to plant pressure in this kiwi garden.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：牛雅琼（1995-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物营养。E-mail：1074157191@qq.com.责任作者：朱青（1962-），女，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，现主要从事自然资源及环境生态等研究工作。E-mail：zhuqing_gy@tom.com.基金项目：国家绿肥产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-22)；贵州省农业科学院青年基金资助项目（黔农科院青年基金[2018]95）；贵州省科技重大专项资助项目(黔科合重大专项字[2016]3001号)；贵州省农业科学院青年基金资助项目（黔农科院青年基金[2018]58）；贵州省社发攻关资助项目(黔科合[2016]支撑2837)。收稿日期：2019-09-17