ZHAO Hang,LIANG Zhi,WU Cuiyun,et al.Study on Rule for Flower and Fruit Dropping in Different Warming Water Irrigation Treatment of Jujube in the South of Xinjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(22):71-76.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20190411]
新疆南疆增温水滴灌对骏枣落花落果的规律研究
- Title:
- Study on Rule for Flower and Fruit Dropping in Different Warming Water Irrigation Treatment of Jujube in the South of Xinjiang
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以新疆南疆5年生骏枣为试材，通过设定5种不同水温（自然水温、10 ℃、20 ℃、30 ℃、40 ℃）对骏枣进行滴灌处理，采用纱网收集整株枣树的生理落花落果量的方法，研究了增温水滴灌对骏枣落花落果的规律。以期为新疆南疆红枣的提质增效提供有力的技术支撑。结果表明：①在增温处理条件下，枣树落花落果变化趋势相似，集中落花期分布在6月10日至7月20日，集中落果期分布在7月15日至8月4日，除20 ℃处理出现了3次落花高峰期外，其余各处理均出现2次落花高峰期和落果高峰期；②各处理集中落花期及生育期落花总量均表现为20 ℃＞30 ℃＞40 ℃＞10 ℃＞自然水温，且20、30 ℃处理与10 ℃、自然水温处理差异显著；③总落果量表现为30 ℃＞40 ℃＞20 ℃＞10 ℃＞自然水温，存果量表现为20 ℃＞30 ℃＞40 ℃＞10 ℃＞自然水温，落果率表现为30 ℃＞自然水温＞40 ℃＞10 ℃＞20 ℃。坐果率变化在0.82%～1.12%之间，且各处理间差异不显著。增温水处理对枣树的成花坐果效果显著，30 ℃水温处理可以促进枣树成花并明显较 10 ℃处理提高坐果率。
- Abstract:
- Five-year-old jujube was used as test material in southern Xinjiang,the drip irrigation was carried out on five different types (natural water temperature,10 ℃,20 ℃,30 ℃,40 ℃),and the whole strain was collected by gauze.The rule of warming drip irrigation on the flower drop and fruit drop of jujube were studied,in order to provide strong technical support for the quality and efficiency of jujube in Xinjiang.The results showed that,①Under the condition of warming treatment,the change trend of jujube trees was similar,and the concentrated flowering period was distributed from June 10 to July 20,and the concentrated fruiting period was distributed from July 15 to August 4.Except that there were 3 peaks of flowering in the treatment at 20 ℃,and there were two peaks of flowering and fruit drop in the other treatments.②The concentrated flowering period and the total flowering period in the growth period were 20 ℃>30 ℃>40 ℃>10 ℃>natural water temperature,20 ℃,30 ℃ treatment and 10 ℃,natural water temperature treatment was significantly different.③Total fruit drop performance was 30 ℃>40 ℃>20 ℃>10 ℃>natural water temperature,fruit storage performance.It was 20 ℃>30 ℃>40 ℃>10 ℃>natural water temperature,and the fruit drop rate was 30 ℃>natural water temperature>40 ℃>10 ℃>20 ℃.The fruit setting rate varied between 0.82% and 1.12%,and the difference between treatments was not significant.The warming water treatment had a significant effect on the flowering and fruit setting of jujube trees.The water temperature treatment at 30 ℃ could promote the flowering of jujube trees and increase the fruit setting rate obviously at 10 ℃.
参考文献/References:
[1]陈虹.新疆统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[2]王新农,孙学光.新疆生产建设兵团统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.[3]张瑞弯,田军仓,马继梅.不同灌水温度对油麦菜生长和光合作用的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(4):1-2.[4]李润儒,朱月林,高垣美智子,等.根区温度对水培生菜生长和矿质元素含量的影响[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(3):48-52.[5]冯玉龙,刘恩举,崔臻祥.根系温度对番茄的影响(Ⅱ):根系温度对蕃茄光合作用和水分代谢的影响[J].植物研究,1996(2):63-67.[6]AIDOO M K,SHERMAN T,LAZAROVITCH N,et al.A bell pepper cultivar tolerant to chilling enhanced nitrogen allocation and stress-related metabolite accumulation in the roots in response to low root-zone temperature[J].Physiol Plant,2017,161(2):196-210.[7]LI L J,LU X C,MA H Y,et al.Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the roots response to low root-zone temperature in malus baccata[J].J Plant Res,2018,131(5):865-878.[8]孙世军,崔世茂,宋阳,等.不同根区温度对嫁接黄瓜生长和光合参数的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(22):1-5.[9]宋彬,王富荣,沈鉴宇.枣树落花落果主要改良措施比较分析[J].北方园艺,2015(3):165-168.[10]樊素.提高枣树坐果率的措施[J].河北果树,2014(2):52-53.[11]孙卫卫,宗晓鸿,田世芹.沾化冬枣坐果率偏低的原因及防治措施[J].落叶果树,2011,43(2):46-48.[12]孟阿静,严晶,库德热提?巴吾东,等.增温水灌溉对棉花根际土壤养分和土壤微生物数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(2):336-342.[13]吕婧.水温调控对寒地水稻产量影响的研究[J].农民致富之友,2016(3):45.[14]邓慧玲,田军仓,欧阳赞.日光温室中不同灌溉水温对蔬菜根区土壤温度的影响研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2018,17(2):97-101.[15]李明,崔世茂,王怀栋,等.不同灌溉水温对温室黄瓜幼苗动态生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(2):131-133.[16]第一师阿拉尔市政府网.气候条件[EB/OL].http://www.ale.gov.cn/structure/zjale/qhtj.htm.[17]吴翠云,张娟,王合理,等.不同枣品种幼龄树落花落果的规律研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(10):1834-1841.[18]胡芳名,何业华,谢碧霞.枣树落花落果规律及其控制[J].中南林学院学报,1999(3):19-22.[19]宋锋惠,卓热木? 塔西,史彦江,等.阿克苏市4个枣品种物候特性的观测研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(11):2014-2021.
相似文献/References:
[1]郑强卿,陈奇凌,李 铭,等.滴灌条件下骏枣根系分布特征及根际土壤水分变化研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):177.
ZHENG Qiang-qing,CHEN Qi-ling,LI Ming,et al.Study on Root Distribution Characteristics and Changes of Rhizosphere Soil Moisture Under Drip Irrigation of Junzao[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(22):177.
[2]金莉,杨明凯,李培樱,等.羊草草坪滴灌移栽技术的栽培要点及其应用效果[J].北方园艺,2012,36(13):101.
JIN Li,YANG Ming-kai,LI Pei-ying,et al.The Key Point of Transplantation and Drip Irrigation and Its Application Effect in Turf of Leymus chinensis.[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(22):101.
[3]陈素娟,陈国元,袁卫明,等.大棚草莓膜下滴灌栽培技术规范[J].北方园艺,2013,37(16):50.
CHENSu-juan,CHENGuo-yuan,YUANWei-ming,et al.CultivationTechnologyofDripIrrigationUnderMulchofStrawberryinGreenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(22):50.
[4]苏学德,李铭,郭绍杰,等.干旱区葡萄滴灌戈壁土壤水盐运移特征研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(19):168.
SU Xue-de,LI Ming,GUO Shao-jie,et al.Study on Water and Salt Transport Characteristics for Gobi Soil Under Condition of Grape Drip Irrigation in Dry Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(22):168.
[5]张战胜,杨刚,沈振荣,等.“西夏”牌大量元素水溶肥在温室辣椒上的应用效果[J].北方园艺,2013,37(24):179.
ZHANG Zhan-sheng,YANG Gang,SHEN Zhen-rong,et al.Application Effect of ‘Xixia’ Water Soluble Fertilizer on Greenhouse Pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(22):179.
[6]李月梅,杨文辉,塔林葛娃,等.柴达木地区枸杞干物质积累及养分吸收特性研究[J].北方园艺,2015,39(09):127.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201509036]
LI Yue-mei,YANG Wen-hui,Talingewa,et al.Study of the Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrients Uptake Trend of Lycium barbarum in Qaidam of Qinghai[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(22):127.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201509036]
[7]柴 仲 平,王 雪 梅,孙 霞,等.水氮互作对红枣光合特性与产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010,34(19):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201019001]
CHAI Zhong-ping,W ANG Xue -mei,SUN Xia,et al.Influence on Yield and Fruit Quality of Zizyphus jujube under Interactions of Water and Nitrogen[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(22):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201019001]
[8]王克全,马军勇,郑国玉,等.灌水量对新疆温室滴灌番茄生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,39(23):52.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201523016]
WANG Kequan,MA Junyong,ZHENG Guoyu,et al.Impact of Irrigation Amount on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse Under Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(22):52.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201523016]
[9]纪立东,杨建国,樊丽琴,等.不同滴药处理对设施瓜菜生长发育及土壤特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(08):173.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201608047]
JI Lidong,YANG Jianguo,FAN Liqin,et al.Growth of Greenhouse Vegetable and Melons，and Soil Characteristics as Affected by Drip Irrigation With Different Pesticides[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(22):173.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201608047]
[10]王 伟 军,王 红,张 爱 军,等.不同灌溉保墒措施对杏园土壤水分动态及耗水量的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,35(12):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011012001]
W ANG Wei -jun,W ANG Hong,ZHANG Ai -jun,et al.Effects of Different Irrigation and Soil Moisture Conversation T reatments on Soil Water Dynamics and Water Consumption in Apricot Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(22):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011012001]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：赵航(1990-),男，硕士研究生,研究方向为果树优质高效栽培生理。E-mail:314246314@qq.com.责任作者：周正立(1970-),男,博士，副教授,研究方向为农林复合经营。E-mail:zzlzkytd@163.com.基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（31560580）；新疆农业科学院委托资助项目（TDZX201608）。收稿日期：2019-04-26