AN Baiyi,GU Na,LIU Xiaojia,et al.Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Capacity of Plum[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(03):29-35.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20182534]
不同树形对李树冠层结构和光合特性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Capacity of Plum
- 文章编号:
- 20182534
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 摘要：以吉林省农业科学院待审定品种“公主红”李为试材，对比纺锤形、Y-字形、自然开心形3种树形的冠层结构、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光等参数，以期为确定李树最佳树形、改善果实品质及提高产量提供参考依据。结果表明：3种树形结构因修剪方式不同，枝类组成差异显著。不同枝类间枝条数量表现为簇状枝>短枝>中枝>长枝>超长枝；自然开心形的一年生枝平均茎长显著大于纺锤形和Y-字形，平均茎粗自然开心形与纺锤形差异不显著，但显著大于Y-字形；3种树形结构的冠层特性各指标间存在显著性差异，其中自然开心形具有相对较大的叶面积指数、透光比和冠下总辐射；3种树形光合特性比较，自然开心形与Y-字形净光合速率明显优于纺锤形，且3种树形结果枝净光合速率均大于营养枝净光合速率，蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率等均表现出相同特性；叶绿素荧光参数中，φPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR等参数均表现出自然开心形优于Y-字形和纺锤形。自然开心形的树体结构更为合理，具有更强的光合能力、更高的光电子传递效率和更多的碳水化合物积累，其次为Y-字形，最后为纺锤形。
- Abstract:
- Abstract:Pending plum variety ‘Gongzhuhong’ of Prunus salicina cultivated by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as experimental material，several parameters such as canopy structure，photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence among plums with three kinds of tree shapes spindle-shape，Y-shape and naturally open center-shape had been determined in order to provide reference for identification of the best shape，improvement in the quality of fruit and increase in yield.The results showed that among the three different tree shapes，there were significant differences in branch compositions.All different types of branches had been listed in descending order by quantity，that was clustered branch>short branch>middle branch>long branch>super-long branch.The average stem length of one year branches of naturally open center-shape was significantly longer than spindle-shape and Y-shape.The average stem diameters between spindle-shape and naturally open center-shape were not significantly different from each other，but both were significantly larger than Y-shape.There were significant differences among the canopy characteristics of three tree shapes.Naturally open center-shape had relatively large leaf area index，light transmittance ratio and total radiation under canopy.The net photosynthetic rate of naturally open center-shape and Y-shape was obviously higher than spindle-shape.In terms of photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate，Tr，Gs and WUE，bearing branches were better than vegetative branches in all three tree shape plums.As for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as φPSII，Fv/Fm，qP，qN and ETR，naturally open center-shape appeared best.Naturally open center-shape structure was the most reasonable canopy structure for its stronger photosynthetic capacity，higher photoelectron transfer efficiency and more carbohydrate accumulation，followed by Y-shape，and finally spindle-shape.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：安佰义（1978-），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为园林植物栽培生理。E-mail:lli10437@126.com.责任作者：李锋（1959-），男，本科，研究员，现主要从事核果育种及果树资源等研究工作。E-mail:lifengjlgs@aliyun.com.基金项目：吉林省科技厅重点科技攻关资助项目（20160204031NY）。收稿日期：2018-09-20