LI Lei,ZHANG Qiang,YAN Min,et al.Evaluation of the Situation of Fertilization in Apple Fields in Shanxi Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(24):177-185.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20180977]
山西省苹果施肥现状调查
- Title:
- Evaluation of the Situation of Fertilization in Apple Fields in Shanxi Province
- Keywords:
- Shanxi; apple; fertilization; evaluation
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以山西省黄土高原优势苹果主产区晋中、运城、临汾三地果农为研究对象，对3市22个县230户盛果期果园施肥和土壤养分现状进行了调查，并对数据进行了分析和评价，以期了解山西省苹果施肥现状和土壤养分盈余情况。结果表明：山西省晋中、运城、临汾用有机肥施用农户分别占65.0%、89.0%、95.0%，全省平均89.0%；化肥氮磷钾用量从晋中、运城到临汾呈逐渐递增趋势；全省化学氮磷钾投入适量的农户分别占到16.1%、17.4%、17.9%。三地农户氮磷钾投入差别较大，过量施肥农户从运城、晋中到临汾逐渐递增，临汾产区农户最多。分析全省果园土壤养分数据，有机质含量1.07%、全氮含量0.09%、有效磷含量25.2 mg·kg-1、速效钾含量305 mg·kg-1，可见土壤有机质含量极低，全氮含量属于中级水平，有效磷含量属于高级水平，尤其速效钾含量的土壤残留超高。全省有机肥投入有所改善，化肥氮磷钾全面过量现象严重，尤其土壤钾素盈余问题最突出。临汾产区超量农户比例和用量最多，是山西省过量施肥最严重的产区。
- Abstract:
- To evaluate fertilization status in apple orchard and soil nutrient balance in Shanxi Province，investigations on basic conditions of soil nutrients and managements of fertilizer in about 230 apple orchards in twenty-two counties in Jinzhong，Yuncheng and Linfen city,which were recognized as the main areas for apple productions in Shanxi,were conducted.The data were analyzed and estimated.The results showed that the percentages of manure application in Jinzhong,Yuncheng and Linfen were 65.0%,89.0% and 95.0%,with a average value of 89.0%.The content amount of chemical fertilizer input increased in this order,Jinzhong
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李磊（1973-），男，山西晋中人，本科，副研究员，现主要从事果树营养等研究工作。E-mail：Tfslilei@163.com.责任作者：张强（1965-），男，山西浑源人，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，现主要从事土壤改良与施肥技术等研究工作。E-mail：sxsnkytfs@163.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFD0201100）。收稿日期：2018-05-16