[1]候月卿,沈玉君,孟海波,等.不同发酵工艺对猪粪中重金属活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,39(10):149-154.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201510038]
　HOU Yue-qing,SHEN Yu-jun,MENG Hai-bo,et al.Influence of Different Fermentation on Activity of Heavy Metals in Pig Manure[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(10):149-154.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201510038]
点击复制

不同发酵工艺对猪粪中重金属活性的影响

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 第39卷 期数: 2015年10 页码: 149-154 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-05-30
Title:
Influence of Different Fermentation on Activity of Heavy Metals in Pig Manure
文章编号:
1001-0009（2015）10-0149-06
作者:
候月卿1; 2; 3; 沈玉君2; 3; 孟海波2; 3; 刘树庆1; 王飞4; 程红胜2; 3
（1.河北农业大学 资源与环境科学学院，河北 保定 071000；2.农业部规划设计研究院，北京 100125；3.农业部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室，北京 100125；4.农业部农业生态与资源保护总站，北京 100125）
Author(s):
HOU Yue-qing1; 2; 3; SHEN Yu-jun2; 3; MENG Hai-bo2; 3; LIU Shu-qing1; WANG Fei4; CHENG Hong-sheng2; 3
(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Agricultural University of Hebei，Baoding，Hebei 071000;2.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering，Beijing 100125；3.China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue，Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100125；4.Rural Energy and Environment Agency，Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100125)
关键词:
自然发酵; 强制通风发酵; 厌氧干发酵; 猪粪; 重金属
Keywords:
natural fermentation; forced ventilation fermentation; anaerobic dry fermentation; pig manure; heavy metals
分类号:
S 141
DOI:
10.11937/bfyy.201510038
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
以猪粪和秸秆为原料，研究自然发酵、强制通风发酵、厌氧干发酵3种不同发酵工艺对发酵效果及重金属Cu、Pb、Zn形态的影响。结果表明：强制通风发酵处理对Cu、Pb、Zn的有效态钝化效果分别达45.42%、60.18%、32.21%；自然发酵处理对Cu、Pb、Zn的有效态钝化效果分别达39.60%、28.68%、6.19%；厌氧干发酵处理对Cu、Pb、Zn的有效态钝化效果分别为3.08%、24.19%、-1.11%。相对于厌氧干发酵处理，自然发酵处理和强制通风处理更有利于重金属有活性较高的形态向活性较低的形态转化。从发酵的品质效果看，发酵过程中自然发酵处理和强制通风发酵处理可以利用高温期有效杀害猪粪中病原菌和杂草种子，且强制通风发酵处理在55℃以上的高温期约为自然发酵处理的2倍，厌氧干发酵处理始终保持40℃左右的中温发酵；发酵结束后，强制通风发酵处理的EC值为1.79 mS/cm，自然发酵处理和厌氧发酵处理的EC值较高，分别为5.67、6.36 mS/cm，较高的EC值具有潜在的土壤盐渍化风险。自然发酵由于氧气供应不足导致肥料无法完全无害化，为保证肥料完全腐熟，需延长自然发酵时间；而厌氧干发酵的有机肥难以无害化，因此需继续进行好氧发酵以实现完全腐熟。综合考虑3种工艺的发酵效果及重金属的钝化效果认为，强制通风发酵工艺对提升发酵产品质量更具优势。
Abstract:
Taking pig manure and straw as raw materials，the speciation changes of heavy metals Cu，Pb，Zn during three kinds of fermentation，such as natural fermentation，forced ventilation fermentation and anaerobic dry fermentation was studied.The results showed that the passivation effect on heavy metal Cu，Pb，Zn for the forced ventilation fermentation treatment were 45.42%,60.18%，32.21%，respectively.The passivation effect on heavy metal Cu，Pb，Zn for the natural fermentation treatment were 39.60%,28.68%,6.19%，respectively.The passivation effect on heavy metal Cu，Pb，Zn for the dry anaerobic fermentation treatment were 3.08%,24.19%,-1.11%，respectively.Compared to the dry anaerobic fermentation treatment，natural fermentation treatment and forced ventilation treatment were more conducive to heavy metals transformed from the higher active forms to the lower forms.From the fermentation quality effect，forced ventilation fermentation and natural fermentation could take advantage of the high temperature period effectively which could kill the pig pathogen and weed seeds during the fermentation process，and the high temperature period more than 55℃ for forced ventilation fermentation processing was about twice as great as natural fermentation processing，and anaerobic dry fermentation processing remain about 40℃ during the whole fermentation process；after the fermentation，the EC value for the forced ventilation fermentation treatment was 1.79 mS/cm，the other two treatment values were higher than forced ventilation fermentation treatment，which were 5.67 mS/cm，6.36 mS/cm，respectively.A higher EC value has the potential risk of soil salinization.The natural fermentation need to extend the natural fermentation time due to inadequate oxygen supply cannot be completely harmless.And the anaerobic dry fermentation needs to continue the aerobic fermentation in order to realize completely rotten.In all，taking into account of the effects of fermentation quality and heavy metals passivation，the forced ventilation fermentation process may have more competitive to enhance the quality of fermented products.

参考文献/References:


[1]凌云.畜禽粪便高效降解菌的筛选和应用[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.
[2]候月卿,沈玉君,刘树庆.我国畜禽粪便重金属污染现状及其钝化措施研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(3):112-118.
[3]沈玉君,李国学,任玉梅,等.不同通风速率对堆肥腐熟度和含氮气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(9):1814-1819.
[4]Guo R,Li G X,Jiang T,et al.Effect of aeration rate，C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,112:171-178.
[5]Rasapoor M,Nasrabadi T,Kamali M,et al.The effects of aeration rates on generated compost quality，using aerated static pile method[J].Waste Manage，2009,29:570-573.
[6]Gao M,Li B,Yu A,et al.The effect of aeration rate on forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust[J].Bioresour Technol,2010,101:1899-1903.
[7]吕黄珍,韩鲁佳,杨增玲.猪粪麦秸反应器好氧堆肥工艺参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(3):101-105.
[8]Huang G F,Wong J W,We Q T,et al.Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust[J].Waste Manage,2004,24:805-813.[9]马迪,赵兰坡.畜禽粪便堆肥化过程中碳氮比的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14):193-197.
[10]赵建荣,高德才,汪建飞,等.不同C/N下猪粪麦秸高温堆肥腐熟过程研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):1014-1020.
[11]秦莉,沈玉君,李国学,等.不同CN比堆肥氮素物质变化规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(7):1388-1393.
[12]翟红,张衍林,艾平,等.不同初始含水率对沼渣和秸秆混合堆肥过程的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(21):4357-4360.
[13]雷大棚,黄为一,王效华.发酵机制含水率对牛粪好氧堆肥发酵产热的影响[J].生态与农业环境学报,2011,27(5):54-57.
[14]WHO.The 2006 annual report on commission of intelligence property，innovation and public health[R].Geneva:WHO,2006.
[15]施建伟,雷国明,李玉英,等.发酵底物和发酵工艺对沼液中挥发性有机酸的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(3):55-58.
[16]王媛媛,张衍林.以猪粪为发酵底物厌氧发酵产氢工艺的优化[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):237-242.
[17]牛俊玲,何予鹏,张全国.不同粉碎程度对麦秸厌氧干发酵气肥联产效果的影响[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(11):1683-1686.
[18]马传杰,花日茂,郭亮.接种量对牛粪厌氧干发酵的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(5):81-84.
[19]Forster-Carneiro T,Pérez M,Romero L I,et al.Dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste：focusing on the inoculum sources[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98:3195-3203.
[20]Hinrich H,Birgitte K.A novel process configuration for anaerobic digestion of source-sorted house-hold waste using hyper-thermophilic post-treatment[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2005,90:830-837.
[21]Forster-Carneiro T,Pérez M,Romero L I.Influence of total solid and inoculum contents on performance of anaerobic reactors treating food waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:6994-7002.
[22]刘甜田,何滨,王亚韩,等.改进BCR法在活性污泥样品重金属形态分析中的应用[J].分析实验室,2007,26(增刊1):17-20.
[23]杨坤,李军营,杨宇虹,等.不同钝化剂对猪粪堆肥中重金属形态转化的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(6):43-48.
[24]宋彩红,贾旋,李明晓,等.沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):227-234.
[25]陈世俭,胡蔼堂.土壤铜形态及有机质的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995,4(4):367-369.
[26]方盛荣,徐颖,魏晓云,等.典型城市污染水体底泥中重金属形态分布和相关性[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(6):2066-2070.

相似文献/References:

[1]何 玲,杨公明.浆水芹菜自然和接种发酵过程中有机酸的变化[J].北方园艺,2011,35(04):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.21104065]
　HE Ling,YANG Gong-ming.Change of Organic Acids During Jiangshui Celeries Spontaneous and Inoculating Fermentation[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(10):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.21104065]

备注/Memo

第一作者简介：候月卿(1989-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤环境质量监控与评价及农业废弃物资源化。E-mail：houyueqing321@163.com.责任作者：孟海波(1972-)，男，博士，研究员，现主要从事农业生物质利用与环境等研究工作。E-mail：newmhb7209@163.com.基金项目：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201203045)。

更新日期/Last Update: 2015-08-08