ZHANG Feixue,ZHOU Xiaoyu,ZHAO Gen,et al.Effects of Fermented Straw on Melon Production and the Soil Microbial Environment[J].Northern Horticulture,2026,(6):101-110.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20253035]
发酵秸秆对甜瓜生产及土壤微生物环境的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Fermented Straw on Melon Production and the Soil Microbial Environment
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2026)06-0101-10
- Keywords:
- fermented tomato straw; melon yield components; soil fertility indicators; soil microbial community
- 分类号:
- S652
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“玉菇”甜瓜为试材,采用盆栽试验和高通量测序技术,研究了空白土壤（CK）、添加发酵番茄秸秆（T）、常规施肥处理（S）、羊粪肥混合添加发酵番茄秸秆（TS）4个处理下种植甜瓜生长指标与土壤肥力指标以及土壤细菌和真菌群落微生物多样性的差异，同时研究了发酵番茄秸秆还田对甜瓜生产及土壤微生物环境的影响，以期为农业废弃物的回收利用以及绿色种植提供参考依据。结果表明：与CK相比，T处理显著提高了甜瓜植株的茎粗和地上部鲜质量，但与S处理相比，甜瓜产量和品质无显著性差异，且叶绿素SPAD值显著低于S处理。与CK相比，T处理的土壤有机质、碳氮比及速效磷、速效钾等有效养分含量显著升高；与S处理相比，T处理可显著提升土壤有机质（增幅12.3%~18.7%）、速效磷（提高24.6%）与速效钾（增加19.8%）含量，同时维持土壤pH波动幅度小于0.3个单位。高通量测序表明，T处理显著改变土壤微生物群落结构，细菌多样性（Shannon指数）提升23.0%，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度增加20.1%~28.5%，而真菌多样性下降，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）丰度降低17.9%~33.2%。冗余分析表明，土壤有效磷、速效钾及有机质是驱动细菌群落重构的主效因子（解释率57.19%），而碳氮比与秸秆输入主导真菌群落演替（解释率60.78%）。T处理对甜瓜生长发育和品质差异影响不显著，但可以显著改善土壤肥力，提升土壤有机质含量以及速效磷和速效钾含量，维持土壤pH平衡，提高土壤细菌多样性，降低土壤真菌多样性，促进提升土壤健康水平。
- Abstract:
- Taking ‘Yugu’ melon as the test material，a pot experiment combined with high-throughput sequencing technology was conducted to study the differences in melon growth indicators，soil fertility indicators，and soil bacterial and fungal community microbial diversity under four treatments，control soil (CK)，addition of fermented tomato straw (T)，conventional fertilization (S)，and combined addition of sheep manure with fermented tomato straw (TS).At the same time,the impact of adding fermented tomato straw to the soil on melon production and the soil microbial environment was studied,in order to provide reference for the recycling of agricultural waste and green planting.The results showed that compared to the control group (CK)，the T treatment significantly increased stem diameter and aboveground fresh weight of melon plants.However，there was no significant difference in melon yield and quality compared to conventional fertilization (S)，and the chlorophyll SPAD value was significantly lower than in the S treatment.Compared to CK，the addition of fermented tomato straw (T treatment) significantly increased soil organic matter，carbon-to-nitrogen ratio，and the content of available nutrients such as available phosphorus and available potassium.Compared to conventional fertilization (S)，the T treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (by 12.3%-18.7%)，available phosphorus (by 24.6%)，and available potassium (by 19.8%)，while maintaining soil pH fluctuations within 0.3 units.High-throughput sequencing revealed that the addition of tomato straw significantly altered the soil microbial community structure：bacterial diversity (Shannon index) increased by 23.0%，and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 20.1%-28.5%，while fungal diversity decreased，with the abundance of Ascomycota reduced by 17.9%-33.2%.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil available phosphorus，available potassium，and organic matter were the main drivers of bacterial community restructuring (explaining 57.19% of the variance)，while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and straw input dominated fungal community succession (explaining 60.78% of the variance).The addition of fermented tomato straw had no significant effect on the growth，development，or quality of melons but significantly improved soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter，available phosphorus，and available potassium content，maintaining soil pH balance，enhancing soil bacterial diversity，reducing soil fungal diversity，and promoting overall soil health.
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相似文献/References:
[1]张飞雪,赵根,周肖瑜,等.发酵番茄秸秆对番茄产量构成及土壤微生物群落组成的影响[J].北方园艺,2024,(18):64.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20234219]
ZHANG Feixue,ZHAO Gen,ZHOU Xiaoyu,et al.Effects of Fermented Tomato Straw on Tomato Yield Components and Soil Microbial Community Composition[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(6):64.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20234219]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张飞雪（1992-），女，硕士，农艺师，现主要从事蔬菜栽培及废弃物资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail:1041502087@qq.com.责任作者：赵根（1979-），男，硕士，高级农艺师，现主要从事番茄栽培与育种等研究工作。E-mail:77347148@qq.com.基金项目：湖州市重点研发资助项目(2024ZD2049)。收稿日期：2025-08-22