YIN Zhirong,JIN Jianxin,HE Jinqin,et al.Analysis of Main Nutrient Characteristics of Vegetable Soil in Suburban Facitities in Yinchuan[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(6):120-129.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243960]
银川城郊设施蔬菜土壤主要养分特征分析
- Title:
- Analysis of Main Nutrient Characteristics of Vegetable Soil in Suburban Facitities in Yinchuan
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)06-0120-10
- Keywords:
- facility vegetable; soil; soil nutrients; principal component analysis
- 分类号:
- S 158.2
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以银川为核心的平吉堡、良田、永宁、贺兰4个地区设施蔬菜土壤为研究对象，对其pH、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、硝态氮及有效态微量元素等养分特征进行调查，分析含量、相关性及变异情况，运用主成分分法初步评价土壤质量，以期为探究银川城郊不同区域设施蔬菜土壤养分特征，为设施土壤管理和科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明：银川城郊设施蔬菜土壤pH平均值为8.09，与露地菜地土壤相比下降0.29个单位，全盐含量平均增加2.99倍。设施蔬菜土壤有机质含量和全氮含量升高，有机质含量比露地土壤高51.85%～156.10%，全氮含量比露地土壤高1.44～2.52倍，分别处于中等及中等较丰富水平。速效磷、速效钾含量分别高出露地土壤5.45、2.31倍，属于丰富水平，盈余明显。设施蔬菜土壤硝态氮积累较多，比露地土壤高6.87～12.21倍，而铵态氮变化较小。设施蔬菜土壤有效态微量元素因地区差异变化不同，总体上有效态Ca、Fe、Mn含量低于露地土壤，这也是导致设施蔬菜品质下降的重要原因。主成分分析法得到的2个主成分对于总方差的累积贡献率达到89.86%，基本能反映土壤肥力的全部信息。贺兰地区土壤综合得分较高，土壤质量较好，其次是平吉堡、永宁。良田地区不论是设施蔬菜土壤还是露地土壤均得分最低，其设施蔬菜土壤pH明显下降呈弱碱性或中性，有酸化的趋势，且土壤肥力水平整体偏低。
- Abstract:
- To explore the soil nutrient characteristics of protected vegetable cultivation in different regions of Yinchuan，and provide reference for soil management and scientific fertilization.The soil of protected vegetable cultivation in four regions of Yinchuan，including Pingjipu，Liangtian，Yongning，and Helan，was selected as the research object，and its pH，organic matter，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，nitrate nitrogen，and trace elements were investigated.The content，correlation，and variation were analyzed，and the soil quality was preliminarily evaluated using principal component analysis.The average pH of protected vegetable cultivation soil in Yinchuan suburbs was 8.09，which was 0.29 units lower than that of open field vegetable soil.The total salt content increased by 2.99 times.The organic matter content and total nitrogen content of protected vegetable cultivation soil increased，with organic matter content 51.85% to 156.10% higher than that of open field soil，and total nitrogen content 1.44 to 2.52 times higher than that of open field soil，which were at medium and medium-rich levels respectively.The available phosphorus and available potassium contents were 5.45 times and 2.31 times higher than those of open field soil，respectively，which belonged to abundant levels with significant surplus.The nitrate nitrogen accumulation in protected vegetable cultivation soil was higher than that of open field soil by 6.87 to 12.21 times，while the ammonium nitrogen content changed little.The effective trace elements in protected vegetable cultivation soil varied according to regional differences，with the overall effective Ca，Fe，and Mn contents lower than those of open field soil，which was also an important reason for the decline in quality of protected vegetables.The two principal components obtained by principal component analysis accounted for 89.86% of the total variance，which could basically reflect all the information of soil fertility.The soil quality in Helan area was relatively high，with good soil quality，followed by Pingjipu and Yongning.The lowest scores were obtained in Liangtian area for both protected vegetable cultivation soil and open field soil，with a weak alkaline or neutral pH value and a trend of acidification，and the overall soil fertility level was low.
参考文献/References:
［1］SHEN W，HU M，QIAN D，et al．Microbial deterioration and restoration in greenhouse-based intensive vegetable production systems［J］．Plant and Soil，2021，463(1)：1-18.［2］杨冬艳，桑婷，王丹，等．番茄秸秆不同还田方式对黄瓜和西瓜幼苗生长的影响［J］．北方园艺，2023(23)：53-59.［3］成臣，易艳红，廖雅汶，等．赣南地区设施菜地土壤全硒含量分布特征［J］．农业工程学报，2022，38(9)：333-338.［4］石生伟，刘衎，郭利娜，等．天津市设施菜地施肥现状及减施潜力和对策［J］．植物营养与肥料学报，2020，26(6)：1091-1105.［5］薛延丰，石志琦．不同种植年限设施地土壤养分和重金属含量的变化特征［J］．水土保持学报，2011，25(4)：125-130.［6］李粉茹，于群英，邹长明．设施菜地土壤pH值、酶活性和氮磷养分含量的变化［J］．农业工程学报，2009，25(1)：217-222.［7］王广印，郭卫丽，陈碧华，等．河南省设施蔬菜连作障碍现状调查与分析［J］．中国农学通报，2016，32(25)：27-33.［8］蔡红明，王士超，刘岩，等．陕西日光温室养分平衡及土壤养分累积特征研究［J］．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2016，44(9)：83-91.［9］曾希柏，白玲玉，苏世鸣，等．山东寿光不同种植年限设施土壤的酸化与盐渍化［J］．生态学报，2010，30(7)：1853-1859.［10］黄绍文，唐继伟，李春花，等．我国蔬菜化肥减施潜力与科学施用对策［J］．植物营养与肥料学报，2017，23(6)：1480-1493.［11］郭刘明，卢树昌，朱梦梦，等．综合调理剂对集约化设施土壤氮素吸收及其形态转化的影响［J］．天津农业科学，2022，28(8)：33-38.［12］任立军，赵文琪，李金，等．不同施肥模式对设施土壤CO2排放特征及碳平衡的影响［J］．土壤通报，2022，53(4)：874-881.［13］蔡祖聪．我国设施栽培养分管理中待解的科学和技术问题［J］．土壤学报，2019，56(1)：36-43.［14］郭松超，庄元，郭凯璐，等．不同土壤管理方式对南疆芽变香梨优系土壤养分及酶活性的影响［J］．北方园艺，2024(18)：72-83.［15］沈汉，邹国元．菜地土壤评价中参评因素的选定与分级指标的划分［J］．土壤通报，2004，35(5)：553-557.［16］王倩姿，王书聪，张书贵，等．潮土区菜田土壤肥力现状评价［J］．农业资源与环境学报，2020，37(5)：645-653.［17］江春玉，李忠佩，张怡，等．基于养分含量和生化性状的南京城郊设施蔬菜土壤质量评价［J］．江苏农业学报，2014，30(2)：296-303.［18］王琇瑜，黄晓霞，和克俭，等．滇西北高寒草甸植物群落功能性状与土壤理化性质的关系［J］．草业学报，2020，29(8)：6-17.［19］左李娜，陈静，张慧，等．新疆温性草原土壤pH特征及影响因素［J］．草业科学，2022，39(7)：1341-1353.［20］朱永青，崔云霞，李伟迪，等．太滆运河流域不同用地方式下土壤pH值、有机质及氮磷含量特征分析［J］．生态与农村环境学报，2020，36(2)：171-178.［21］WATANABE T，MAN L H，VIEN D M，et al．Effects of continuous rice straw compost application on rice yield and soil properties in the Mekong Delta［J］．Soil Science and Plant Nutrition，2009，55(6)：754-763.［22］OU Y，ROUSSEAU A N，WANG L，et al．Spatio-temporal patterns of soil organic carbon and pH in relation to environmental factors:A case study of the Black Soil Region of Northeastern China［J］．Agriculture，Ecosystems & Environment，2017，245：22-31.［23］黄会前，张慧，胡震，等．贵州山区耕地土壤有机质及pH的空间分布与影响因素研究［J］．西南农业学报，2023，36(11)：2473-2479.［24］杜舰，张锐，张慧，等．辽宁植烟土壤pH值状况及其与烟叶主要品质指标的相关分析［J］．沈阳农业大学学报，2009，40(6)：663-666.［25］WANG H Y，ZHOU J M，CHEN X Q，et al.Interaction of NPK fertilizers during their transformation in soils：I．dynamic changes of soil pH［J］.Pedosphere，2003，13(3)：257-262.［26］李峰，梁海恬，赵琳娜，等．冀东典型地区设施土壤性质及养分特征研究［J］．湖北农业科学，2022，61(3)：82-88.［27］哈蓉，陈永伟，靳韦，等．不同土壤改良技术对设施番茄生长及果实品质的影响［J］．北方园艺，2024(17)：43-50.［28］徐敏，朱旺冲，谢宜芝，等．设施栽培西瓜连作地土壤改良技术研究［J］．湖南农业科学，2022(2)：32-35.［29］蒋龙刚，王丽英，李若楠，等．冀中南种植黄瓜设施土壤盐分、酸碱性和养分状况分析［J］．土壤通报，2022，53(2)：456-464．［30］陈桂芬，黄雁飞，庞媚，等．广西设施栽培土壤主要养分积累特征［J］．热带农业科学，2023，43(1)：10-14.［31］周丽平，赵秋，宁晓光，等．绿肥对设施青椒产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响［J］．中国土壤与肥料，2022(2)：65-71.［32］姚熠涵,代英超,王卫国,等.大别山山核桃林地土壤养分特征及肥力评价［J］.林业科学研究,2023,36(5):180-188.［33］郜静,马铭泽,王策,等.豆科作物轮作与有机肥+功能微生物肥减投配施对设施菜田硝态氮累积、固氮基因和净收益的影响［J］.环境生态学,2023,5(11):57-66.［34］寇长林，骆晓声，巨晓棠．优化施氮对设施番茄土壤硝态氮残留及土壤氮平衡的影响［J］．植物营养与肥料学报，2021，27(5)：837-848.［35］韩巍，赵金月，李豆豆，等．设施蔬菜大棚土壤氮磷钾养分富积降低土壤钙素的有效性［J］．植物营养与肥料学报，2018，24(4)：1019-1026.［36］李珊，李启权，张浩，等．泸州植烟土壤有效态微量元素含量空间变异及其影响因素［J］．土壤，2016，48(6)：1215-1222.［37］张玥琦，程奇，关之昊，等．稻草与生石灰对设施土壤微量元素含量和番茄产量的影响［J］．水土保持学报，2019，33(4)：228-233，348.［38］代雪宾，李晓衡，田秀平，等．化肥减施对设施蔬菜土壤微量元素有效性的影响［J］．天津农学院学报，2021，28(3)：1-5.
相似文献/References:
[1]李惠霞,陈萍.不同有机物料对枸杞园土壤物理性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(04):141.
LI Hui-xia,CHEN Ping.Effect of Different Organic Materials on Soil Physical Properties in the Chinese Wolfberry of Garden[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(6):141.
[2]蔡亭亭,王文全,郑春霞.再生水-土壤-果蔬体系中砷的迁移[J].北方园艺,2014,38(05):169.
Transport of Arsenic in Reclaimed Water-Soil-Fruit and Vegetable System.Transport of Arsenic in Reclaimed Water-Soil-Fruit and Vegetable System[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(6):169.
[3]危才计,李录堂.组织资本对设施蔬菜产量的影响效应分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):193.
WEI Cai-ji,LI Lu-tang.Effect of Organization Capital on Greenhouse Vegetable Production[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(6):193.
[4]范文杰,李永杰.河北吴桥县土壤肥力特性及肥力因子变异性分析研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(10):168.
FAN Wen-jie,LI Yong-jie.Research on the Characteristics and Variation Factor of Soil Fertility in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):168.
[5]梁巧玲,杨晖,赵鹂.丽水市郊蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(12):21.
LIANG Qiao-ling,YANG Hui,ZHAO Li.Analysis of Heavy Metal Contents in Vegetables of Lishui Suburb and the Health Hazard[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):21.
[6]党民团,仝芳,赵晓进.渭南污灌区土壤重金属污染治理研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(05):26.
DANG Min-tuan,TONG Fang,ZHAO Xiao-jin.Research on Management of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Weinan Sewage Irrigation Area[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):26.
[7]谢华,裴红霞,赵云霞,等.宁夏非耕地设施蔬菜发展现状[J].北方园艺,2013,37(05):178.
XIE Hua,PEI Hong-xia,ZHAO Yun-xia,et al.Present Status of Non-cultivated Land Facility Vegetable in Ningxia[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):178.
[8]俞风娟.土壤寄生性线虫及其生态防治对策研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(05):181.
YU Feng-juan.Study on Soil Parasitic Nematodes and Its Ecological Control Countermeasures[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):181.
[9]张满满,肖 昕,谭 敏.徐州北郊土壤重金属污染评价研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(06):177.
ZHANG Man-man,XIAO Xin,TAN Min.Study on the Soil Heavy Metals Pollution Evaluation in the Northern Suburb of Xuzhou City[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):177.
[10]司海丽,孙权,王锐,等.马铃薯渣有机肥对土壤结构及芹菜品质和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(19):168.
SI Hai-li,SUN Quan,WANG Rui,et al.Effect of Potato Waste Organic Fertilizer on Soil Structure and Celery Yield and Quality[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(6):168.
[11]陈晓云,张亚文,詹德江,等.辽宁海城设施蔬菜土壤重金属污染评价研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(01):165.
CHEN Xiao-yun,ZHANG Ya-wen,ZHAN De-jiang,et al.Study on Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Greenhouse Vegetable in North China[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(6):165.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：尹志荣（1982-），女，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事土壤改良与设施农业等研究工作。E-mail：yinzhirong1982129@126.com.基金项目：宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范资助项目（NGSB-2021-11-02）；宁夏自然科学基金资助项目（2024AAC033692）。收稿日期：2024-10-09