YAN Fang,ZHANG Lei,JIAO Yangqing,et al.Soil Nutrient Differentiation Characteristics and Fertility Evaluation of Cultivated Land in Beijing[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(7):107-113.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243614]
北京市耕地土壤养分分异特征及肥力评价
- Title:
- Soil Nutrient Differentiation Characteristics and Fertility Evaluation of Cultivated Land in Beijing
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)07-0107-07
- Keywords:
- soil nutrients; fertility index; spatial distribution
- 分类号:
- S 158
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以北京市13个区的耕地表层土壤样本为试材，采用经典统计学分析、主成分分析法和随机森林模型，研究了北京市耕地土壤养分水平及其空间变异特征以及不同土壤类型、地形部位对土壤养分及肥力的影响，以期为北京市提升耕地土壤肥力、实现土壤养分精准管理提供参考依据。结果表明：研究区土壤有机质含量为3.98~41.46 g·kg-1，全氮含量为0.36~1.89 g·kg-1，有效磷含量为6.34~187.22 mg·kg-1，速效钾含量为8.83~420.03 mg·kg-1；土壤有机质、全氮含量在全区处于较丰富水平，以大兴区为主要缺乏区域，有效磷含量整体较低，速效钾在西北部为较丰富水平；研究区耕地土壤肥力整体处于“中等”水平。棕壤的土壤有机质、全氮含量与其他土壤类型的差异均达到显著水平，其速效钾含量显著低于其他土壤类型(P<0.05)；各土壤类型的土壤肥力综合指数大小为风沙土＜潮土＜褐土＜棕壤＜水稻土。位于中山的耕地土壤有机质、全氮含量显著高于其他地形部位，平原耕地土壤有效磷含量显著高于低山和丘陵，速效钾含量显著高于中山(P<0.05)。位于山地的耕地土壤肥力指数与平原区耕地土壤肥力指数呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。北京市耕地土壤养分总体表现为有机质和全氮含量较丰富，肥力属“中等”水平，今后在耕地的管理中，需合理增施钾肥与磷肥。
- Abstract:
- The surface soil samples from cultivated land across 13 districts in Beijing were used as experimental materials，the soil nutrient levels，spatial variability，and the effects of soil types and topographical positions on soil nutrients and fertility were investigated.The classical statistical analysis，principal component analysis，and random forest modeling were employed，in order to provide a reference for improving soil fertility and realizing accurate soil nutrient management in Beijing.The results showed that the organic matter content in the study area ranged from 3.98 g·kg-1 to 41.46 g·kg-1，total nitrogen ranged from 0.36 g·kg-1 to 1.89 g·kg-1，available phosphorus ranged from 6.34 mg·kg-1 to 187.22 mg·kg-1，and available potassium ranged from 8.83 mg·kg-1 to 420.03 mg·kg-1.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen levels were relatively abundant across the region，with deficiencies mainly concentrated in Daxing District.Available phosphorus levels were generally low，while available potassium was relatively abundant in the northwestern areas.Overall，the cultivated land soil fertility in the study area was classified as ‘moderate’.The organic matter and total nitrogen contents of brown soil were significantly higher than those of other soil types，while its available potassium content was significantly lower (P<0.05).The comprehensive soil fertility index ranked as follows:aeolian sandy soil
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：颜芳（1988-），女，硕士，高级农艺师，现主要从事科学施肥和耕地质量管理等研究工作。E-mail：yanfang201307@163.com.责任作者：王胜涛（1977-），男，硕士，高级农艺师，现主要从事耕地质量与科学施肥等研究工作。E-mail：514902068@qq.com.基金项目：北京市耕地质量等级评价资助项目（11000024s004002513123）。收稿日期：2024-10-08