GE Mihong,ZHU Juhong,WANG Dehuan,et al.Effects of Solanaceous Vegetable Straw Waste Compost on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Spinach[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(18):24-31.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20240711]
茄果类蔬菜秸秆堆肥对菠菜生长、产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Solanaceous Vegetable Straw Waste Compost on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Spinach
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2024)18-0024-08
- Keywords:
- solanaceous vegetables; straw waste compost; spinach; yield; quality
- 分类号:
- S 636.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以菠菜为试材，采用基质盆栽方法，研究了1 L基质中施用茄果类蔬菜秸秆堆肥（SC）50、75、100、125 g及商品有机肥（OF）50 g作底肥对菠菜生长、产量和品质的影响，以期为茄果类蔬菜秸秆堆肥资源化利用提供参考依据。结果表明：与不施肥相比，施用SC后显著提高了菠菜的叶绿素含量、叶面积、地上部鲜/干质量、地下部鲜/干质量，分别增加34.8%~77.9%、76.4%~129.6%、38.6%~173.5%、28.1%~172.5%、35.2%~100.9%、21.4%~127.2%。施用适量的SC后显著提升菠菜的品质，硝酸盐含量和酸度与不施肥处理相比分别降低8.8%~34.2%、3.3%~23.3%，维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、糖酸比则分别提高101.4%~173.3%、11.4%~28.8%、4.8%~88.6%、21.8%~156.5%。SC的最佳施用量为50 g·L-1（SC1）。SC1对菠菜增产效果不及OF，但对品质改善效果优于OF，其中硝酸盐较OF分别显著降低31.2%，维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比则显著增加66.8%、112.0%、156.2%。SC中高EC值是影响菠菜产量和品质的主要因子。因此，茄果类蔬菜秸秆堆肥可作为有机肥用于菠菜无土栽培中，在应用中考虑含高盐分的堆肥对蔬菜生长和基质盐分积累的问题。
- Abstract:
- Taking spinach as the test material，sunbstrate pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different substrates (50，75，100，125 g of solanaceous vegetable straw compost (SC) per liter of substrate and 50 g of commercial organic fertilizer (OF) per liter of substrate as base fertilizer) on the growth，yield and quality of spinach,in order to provide reference for the resource utilization of solanum vegetable straw compost.The results showed that the chlorophyll content，leaf area，fresh/dry weight of aboveground and fresh/dry weight of underground of spinach were significantly increased after applying SC compared with no fertilization，which were increased by 34.8%-77.9%，76.4%-129.6%，38.6%-173.5%，28.1%-172.5%，35.2%-100.9% and 21.4%-127.2% respectively.The application of appropriate amount of SC significantly improved the quality of spinach.Compared with the control without fertilization，the nitrate content and acidity decreased by 8.8%-34.2%，3.3%-23.3% respectively，and vitamin C，soluble protein，soluble sugar content，sugar acid ratio increased by 101.4%-173.3%，11.4%-28.8%，4.8%-88.6%，21.8%-156.5% respectively.The best adding amount of SC was 50 g·L-1 (SC1).The effect of SC1 on spinach yield was less than that of OF，but its effect on quality improvement was better than that of OF，in which nitrate was significantly reduced by 31.2%，while vitamin C，soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio were significantly increased by 66.8%，112.0%，156.2%，respectively.SC contains high EC value was the main factor affecting the yield and quality of spinach.Therefore，solanaceous vegetable straw compost could be used as organic fertilizer in soilless cultivation of spinach.However，SC with high EC value on vegetable growth and substrate salt accumulation should be considered in application.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：葛米红（1982-），女，博士，高级农艺师，现主要从事农业废弃物与微生物资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail：gemihong@126.com.责任作者：徐大兵（1983-），男，博士，副研究员，现主要从事农业废弃物资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail：dabing_xu@163.com.基金项目：湖北省现代农业产业技术体系资助项目（HBHZD-ZB-2020-007）。收稿日期：2024-02-20