XU Keyi,YI Xiaoyan,ZHANG Zewei.Promotion Suggestions for the Protection and Utilization of Northeast Black Soil by ‘Bei′an Model’[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(19):142-147.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20240338]
东北黑土地保护利用“北安模式”及推广建议
- Title:
- Promotion Suggestions for the Protection and Utilization of Northeast Black Soil by ‘Bei′an Model’
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2024)19-0142-06
- 分类号:
- F 323.21
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 北大荒集团是东北大粮仓的重要组成部分，为国家粮食安全做出了重要贡献，总结其黑土地保护模式，为黑土地保护利用提供借鉴，为保障国家粮食安全提供路径选择。该研究利用典型案例调查法，通过实地调研与关键人物访谈，梳理黑土地保护做法与经验，总结凝练成“北安模式”。“北安模式”黑土地保护做法体现在，一是修建防护工程解决黑土变“薄”问题，打造绿色屏障，防止黑土地遭到风蚀水蚀；二是采取用养结合解决黑土变“瘦”问题，提高土壤中的有机质；三是运用深松整地解决黑土变“硬”问题，提高土壤结构的稳定性，缓解耕地板结情况。该模式取得明显的保护成效，水土流失治理面积超8 000 hm2，黑土地有机质含量提高了2.8 g·kg-1，耕地质量平均已经提高0.5个等级。在运行机制上，“北安模式”黑土地保护采取“3+1”田长制、规范化生产流程与技术措施以及智慧化监测土壤墒情。为进一步推广黑土地保护的“北安模式”，建议加强高标准农田建设筑牢防护工程以促进耕地的保护和绿色利用；协同农业减污与提质增效以促进农业绿色发展；加强校企合作强化耕地科技以促进农业高质量发展；发挥服务主体优势提升社会化服务水平以协同周边地区共同保护。
- Abstract:
- The Beidahuang Group as a significant component of the Northeast grain granary contributes substantially to national food security.This study summarized its black soil conservation model，providing a reference for the protection and utilization of black soil，and offering a strategic path selection to ensure national food security.The study conducted the field research and key person interview to document experiences and subsequently condensed into the ‘Bei′an Model’ by using case investigation method.The ‘Bei′an Model’ addressed the issue of becoming ‘thin’ by implementing a green barrier to prevent wind and water erosion of black land，becoming ‘lean’ by utilizing a combination of cultivation and nutrition to increase the organic matter，becoming ‘hard’ by doing deep plowing and land leveling to enhance the soil structure stability and alleviated the situation of cultivated land crusting.From now it has achieved significant results by over 8 000 hm2 of soil and water loss control area at Red Star Farm with an increase of 2.8 g·kg-1 in the content of black soil organic matter and an average increase of 0.5 levels in cultivated land quality.In terms of operational mechanisms，the ‘Bei′an Model’ for black soil conservation employed a ‘3+1’ field management system.This system standardized production processes and technical measures，while also intelligently monitoring soil moisture conditions.To further advance the ‘Bei′an Model’ for black land conservation，it was recommended to bolster the development of high-standard farmland and reinforce protective initiatives to foster the preservation and sustainable use of cultivated land，coordinate agricultural pollution reduction with quality enhancement to further green development in agriculture，enhance school-enterprise collaborations to strengthen cultivated land science and technology，promote high-quality agricultural growth，utilize the strengths of service entities to improve socialized service levels and collaborate with surrounding areas for joint conservation efforts.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：徐珂怡(2000-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为农业绿色发展。E-mail：xukeyi0607@163.com.责任作者：易小燕(1979-)，女，博士，副研究员，现主要从事农业绿色发展等研究工作。E-mail：yixiaoyan@caas.cn.基金项目：中国农业科学院重大科技任务资助项目（CAAS-ZDRW202202）。收稿日期：2024-01-22