MA Rui,LI Huixia,ZHANG Xueke,et al.Effects of Different Planting Years on Soil Nutrients and Cation Content in Facility Vegetable Fields[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(13):74-81.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20240089]
不同种植年限对设施菜田土壤养分及阳离子含量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Planting Years on Soil Nutrients and Cation Content in Facility Vegetable Fields
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2024)13-0074-08
- Keywords:
- facility soils; open field soils; planting years; soil layers
- 分类号:
- S 626.5
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 该研究调查并分析宁夏不同种植年限设施土壤和周边露地土壤，以期探究设施栽培年限对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：1）设施土壤硝态氮显著高于露地土壤，耕作层土壤种植>15年、10~15年和<10年土壤硝态氮分别是露地的4.28、6.78、12.6倍，设施栽培下上层硝态氮大于下层；种植15年以上铵态氮显著高于露地和种植15年以下的土壤；设施土壤速效磷、速效钾含量分别是露地的5~6、1.0~2.5倍。2）设施土壤pH显著低于露地，随着种植年限延长各层次pH均显著降低；3个层次EC值均显著高于露地。3）设施土壤水溶性钾、钠离子分别是露地的6~13倍和1~2倍，且随着种植年限的增加均显著增加；种植>15年钙离子含量显著高于露地；随着种植年限延长镁离子含量降低。由此可见，在我国北方设施栽培中应合理控制氮、磷、钾化肥用量，合理配施有机肥及中、微量元素肥料，延缓设施土壤退化速度，确保设施农业健康、持续发展。
- Abstract:
- This study investigated and analysed facility soils and surrounding open field soils of different cropping years in Ningxia,with a view to investigating the effects of facility cultivation years on soil soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that,1) the nitrate nitrogen of the facility soil was significantly higher than that of the open field soil,and the nitrate nitrogen of the soil in the cultivation layer was 4.28,6.78 and 12.6 times higher than that of the open field in the soil in the cultivation layer for >15 years,10-15 years and <10 years,respectively,and the nitrate nitrogen of the upper layer under the facility cultivation was greater than that of the lower layer.Ammonium nitrogen was significantly higher in soils planted more than 15 years ago than in open field and soils planted less than 15 years;available phosphorus and available potassium contents of facility soils were 5-6 times and 1.0-2.5 times higher than those in open field,respectively.2) Facility soil pH was significantly lower than that of the open field,and pH decreased significantly at all levels as the number of years of planting increased;EC values were significantly higher in all three levels than in the open field.3) The water-soluble potassium and sodium ions of the facility soil were 6-13 times and 1-2 times higher than those of the open field,respectively,and both increased significantly with the increase of planting years.Calcium ion content was significantly higher than in the open field after >15 years of planting; magnesium ion content decreased with increasing years of planting.It could be seen that in China′s northern facility cultivation should be reasonable control of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertiliser dosage,reasonable allocation of organic fertiliser and medium and trace elements fertiliser,to slow down the rate of degradation of the facility soil,to ensure that the facilities of agriculture,healthy and sustainable development.
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备注/Memo
马瑞 （1998-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail:mr41456966@163.com.责任作者：李惠霞（1976-），女，博士，副教授，现主要从事农田养分调控等研究工作。E-mail：729400508@qq.com.基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（31960628）；宁夏自然科学基金资助项目（2023AAC03145）；2019年宁夏大学博士科研启动金资助项目。收稿日期：2024-01-07