WANG Wei,LU Shuchang,LI Xiawen,et al.Effects of Biochar Application and Rape Planting on Soil Properties in New Facilities[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(08):70-77.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20222753]
生物炭施用与油菜种植对新建设施土壤性状的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Biochar Application and Rape Planting on Soil Properties in New Facilities
- Keywords:
- biochar; rape; planting density; new greenhouses; soil properties
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“华油杂62”为供试作物，稻壳生物炭为供试调理剂材料，设计4个不同油菜种植密度与2个生物炭施用水平相结合的8个处理，即T1(0%生物炭与油菜45万株?hm-2密度种植结合，简写0%C+45万,下同)、T2 (1%C+45万)、T3(0%C+90万)、T4(1%C+90万)、T5(0%C+135万)、T6(1%C+135万)、T7(0%C+180万)、T8(1%C+180万)处理，研究了生物炭施用与油菜不同密度种植结合对油菜生长与土壤性状影响，以期为后期绿肥油菜的高效翻压与新建温室土壤培肥提供参考依据。结果表明：未施生物炭时T3处理和施生物炭时T4 处理干物质量最大，分别为2 696.98 kg?hm-2和3 474.37 kg?hm-2；土壤物理性状团粒结构T8处理R0.25值最大，其它物理指标变化不大；化学性状中未施生物炭时T5处理的硝态氮和有效磷最大分别为279.67 mg?kg-1和52.33 mg?kg-1，T5处理土壤pH最小。施生物炭后T4处理土壤有机质、硝态氮和阳离子交换量最大分别为19.64 g?kg-1、227.30 mg?kg-1和18.92 cmol(+)?kg-1，均显著高于基础样139.80%、506.78%和35.63%；生物学性状中未施生物炭时，T5处理土壤脲酶活性最大，施生物炭后脲酶活性在T4处理最大为0.748 mg?g-1?(24h)-1，较基础值显著增加了25.29%。因此，T4处理（1%生物炭与油菜90万株?hm-2密度种植结合）对油菜的生长和土壤性状改善最好，其次是T5处理（0%生物炭与油菜135万株?hm-2密度种植结合）。
- Abstract:
- Taking ‘Huayouza 62’ as the test crop and rice hull biochar as the test conditioner material，eight treatments with four different rape planting densities combined with two biochar application levels were designed，namely T1 (0%C+450 000)，T2 (1%C+450 000)，T3 (0%C+900 000)，T4 (1%C+900 000),T5 (0%C+1 350 000),T6 (1%C+1 350 000),T7 (0%C+1 800 000)，T8 (1%C+1 800 000).The effects of biochar application combined with rape planting at different densities on rape growth and soil properties were studied,in order to provide reference for the efficient turning over of green manure rape and soil fertility in the new greenhouse.The results showed that the dry matter mass of T3 treatment without biochar and T4 treatment with biochar was the largest，which were 2 696.98 kg?hm-2 and 3 474.37 kg?hm-2 respectively.Soil physical properties,the R0.25 value of T8 treatment was the largest，and other physical indicators changed little；among the chemical properties，the maximum nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in T5 treatment without biochar were 279.67 mg?kg-1 and 52.33 mg?kg-1 respectively，and the soil pH in T5 treatment was the lowest.After biochar application，the maximum soil organic matter，nitrate nitrogen and cation exchange capacity of T4 treatment were 19.64 g?kg-1，227.30 mg?kg-1 and 18.92 cmol(+)?kg-1 respectively，which were significantly higher than the basic sample by 139.80%，506.78% and 35.63%.In biological characters，when there was no biochar application，the soil urease activity in T5 treatment was the largest，and the urease activity after biochar application was the largest in T4 treatment，which was 0.748 mg?g-1?(24h)-1，which was significantly increased by 25.29% compared with the basic value.Therefore，T4 treatment (1% biochar combined with 900 000 rape plants?hm-2 density planting) improved the growth and soil properties of rape best，followed by T5 treatment (0% biochar combined with 1.35 million rape plants?hm-2 density planting).
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王威(1997-)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为农田土壤与作物生长环境关系。E-mail：wangwei2020yan@163.com.责任作者：卢树昌(1970-)，男，博士，教授，现主要从事农田土壤质量与植物营养的教学与科研等工作。E-mail：lsc9707@163.com.基金项目：2021年度天津农学院研究生科研创新资助项目（2021XY005）；天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点资助项目（19YFZCSN00290）。收稿日期：2022-07-03