WANG Guanli,BAO Jianping,ZHI Jinhu,et al.Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fuji Apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(01):34-40.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20221836]
不同施肥处理对红富士苹果光合特性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fuji Apple
- Keywords:
- Red Fuji; branches and leaves; growth; spatial distribution; photosynthetic characteristics
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以新疆阿克苏地区引进的“烟富3号”苹果为试材，采用沟状水溶施肥法，利用便携式光合仪、便携式SPAD叶绿素仪研究不同氮磷钾配施处理对初果期“烟富3号”苹果枝叶生长、光照分布及光合特性的影响，比较在坐果期（4月下旬）、生理落果期（6月中旬）、果实膨大期（8月上旬）施入不同氮磷钾配比对叶幕变化、叶片SPAD值及光合特性的影响，以期为新疆南疆“烟富3号”苹果施肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明：叶片的SPAD值与施氮量和施钾量呈正相关，磷肥能有效提高叶片面积和增加枝条长度，叶面积与SPAD之间呈极显著负相关（r=-0.758），施磷增加枝条长度会导致树体郁闭度增加，进而影响光照，枝条与树体光照之间为显著负相关（r=-0.538）。不同的施肥处理会影响苹果树枝叶生长状况、叶片SPAD值、光合参数指标等，各项数据组内差异显著（P＜0.05）。适量磷素利于提升苹果叶片的Pn。综上所述，不同施肥处理会对叶片光合特性造成影响，坐果期到膨大期间（4月下旬至8月上旬）以单次施肥用N肥534.77 g?株-1、P2O5肥652.17 g?株-1、K2O肥588.23 g?株-1为最优配比。
- Abstract:
- Taking ‘Yanfu No.3’ apple introduced from Aksu region of Xinjiang as the test material,the effects of different N,P and K combined application treatments on the growth of branches and leaves,light distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Yanfu No.3’ apple at the early fruit stage were studied by using portable photosynthesis instrument and portable SPAD chlorophyll meter with different fertilization rates set by furrow water-soluble fertilization method.The effects of different N,P and K ratios on leaf curtain change,leaf SPAD value and photosynthetic characteristics were compared at fruit setting stage (late April),physiological fruit drop stage (mid June) and fruit enlargement stage (early August)，in order to provide reference for the fertilization management of ‘Yanfu No.3’ apple in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the SPAD value of leaves was positively correlated with nitrogen and potassium application rates.Phosphorus fertilizer could effectively improve leaf area and increase branch length.There was a significant negative correlation between leaf area and SPAD (r=-0.758).Increasing branch length by phosphorus application would lead to an increase in tree canopy density,thereby affecting light.There was a significant negative correlation between branch and tree light (r=-0.538).Different fertilization treatments could affect the growth status of apple branches and leaves,SPAD value of leaves,and photosynthetic parameters,and the differences among the data groups were significant (P<0.05).Appropriate amount of phosphorus was beneficial to increase Pn of apple leaves.To sum up,different fertilization treatments would affect the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves.From fruit setting stage to expansion period (late April to early August),the best ratio was N fertilizer 534.77 g ? plant-1,P2O5 fertilizer 652.17 g ? plant-1,K2O fertilizer 588.23 g ? plant-1.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王冠力（1997-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为农艺与种业园艺。E-mail:2250308509@qq.com.责任作者：包建平（1977-），女，博士，副教授，现主要从事果树栽培生理与生态等研究工作。E-mail:416751297@qq.com.基金项目：兵团重大科技资助项目（2021AA00502-02）。收稿日期：2022-05-05