LI Qiyong,XIA Wuqi,LI Xingyue,et al.Effects of Reduced Fertilizer Combined With Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Soil Nutrients of Chinese Cabbage[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(20):41-47.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20221599]
化肥减量配施商品有机肥对白菜生长及土壤养分的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Reduced Fertilizer Combined With Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Soil Nutrients of Chinese Cabbage
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以白菜为试材，采用田间小区试验的方法，设置CK（不施肥）、T1（单施复合肥）、T2（单施有机肥）、T3（减施20%复合肥增施有机肥）4个不同施肥处理，研究了商品有机肥配施复合肥对白菜生长、产量、品质及对土壤营养元素的影响，以期为当地白菜化肥减增效提供参考依据。结果表明：与不施肥的对照相比，纯施有机肥、纯施复合肥、有机肥配施复合肥3个处理均可提高土壤营养元素含量、白菜产量和品质，其中以有机肥配施复合肥效果最好。在有机肥配施复合肥处理下，白菜产量最高，比CK显著增产19.70%，叶片硝酸盐含量降低7.58%，叶片全氮含量显著提高20.48%，土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均为最高，分别比CK显著提高了38.51%、20.71%、46.40%、44.78%，有机质显著提高了15.80%，对土壤养分提升作用显著。综上，在当地种植白菜可以采用减施20%复合肥（40 kg·（667m2）-1）配施50%商品有机肥(40 kg·（667m2）-1)的方式施用肥料，可兼顾土壤可持续利用和提高白菜产量、品质，达到提质增效的作用。
- Abstract:
- Taking field plot test,Chinese cabbage was used as material to study the effects of commercial organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer on cabbage growth,yield,quality and its influence on soil nutrient elements by four different fertilization treatments,which were CK (no fertilizer) and T1 (single application of compound fertilizer) and T2 (single application of organic fertilizer) and T3 (minus 20% compound fertilizer and increase organic fertilizer),in order to provide reference for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency of local Chinese cabbage.The results showed that compared with the control treatment without fertilization,the three treatments of pure application of organic fertilizer,pure application of compound fertilizer,and application of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer could improve the content of soil nutrient elements,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.The treatment of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer had the best effect.Under the treatment of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer,the yield of Chinese cabbage was the highest which was significantly increased by 19.70% compared with CK,the nitrate content in leaves was reduced by 7.58%,and the total nitrogen content in leaves was significantly increased by 20.48%.Meanwhile,soil total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were significantly increased by 38.51%,20.71%,46.40%,44.78% compared to CK,and organic matter was significantly increased by 15.80%,which had a significant effect on soil nutrient improvement.In conclusion,in the local cultivation of Chinese cabbage,the fertilizer application method of reducing 20% compound fertilizer (40 kg per 667 m2) combined with 50% commercial organic fertilizer (40 kg per 667 m2) can be applied to take into account the sustainable utilization of soil and improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage,and achieve the effect of improving quality and efficiency.
参考文献/References:
[1]王玮,赵建锋,孙玉东,等.我国大白菜冬贮现状及发展对策[J].蔬菜,2018(4):58-60.[2]张倩.新农村种植栽培大全[M].天津：天津科学技术出版社,2014.[3]邓小强,范贵国.氮肥施用量对大白菜经济性状、产量和氮肥利用的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(1):117-119.[4]张晓楠,邱国玉.化肥对我国水环境安全的影响及过量施用的成因分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2019,17(4):104-114.[5]丁武汉,雷豪杰,徐驰,等.我国设施菜地表观氮平衡分析及其空间分布特征[J].农业资源与环境学报,2020,37(3):353-360.[6]孙金德.不同施氮对四川省大白菜产量及品质的影响[D].成都：四川农业大学,2014.[7]韩丽娜,丁哲利,曾会才,等.功能性有机肥对大白菜生长的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(10):1718-1723.[8]张凤华,廖文华,刘建玲.过量施用氮磷和有机肥对大白菜产量和氮磷吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):60-63.[9]徐学忠,胡靖锋,杨红丽,等.菌渣有机肥在大白菜生产中的应用研究[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(7):675-678.[10]YANG W,LI Z X,CAI C F,et al.Mechanical properties and soil stability affected by fertilizer treatments for an Ultisol in subtropical China[J].Plant Soil,2013,363(1):157-174.[11]柳玲玲,范成五,芶久兰,等.土壤肥力、辣椒产量及品质对有机肥施用量的响应[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(5):2162-2165.[12]张世标,韦寿莲,刘永,等.有机肥与磷钾肥配施对辣椒产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(7):1105-1109.[13]何方伟,崔宏浩,王文华,等.酒糟沼液与化肥配施对白菜产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2020,49(7):93-100.[14]王春宏,贾茹,马晓东,等.商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(11):169-172.[15]徐大兵,周剑雄,邱正明,等.氮肥替代和减施对高山露地辣椒养分吸收和产量与营养品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2019(21):1-6.[16]孙少利,田坤发.大棚秋延后辣椒施用新型有机肥效果大区对比试验[J].安徽农学通报,2019,25(6):74-75.[17]陈淼,邓晓,李玮,等.不同施肥处理对辣椒产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(4):104-107.[18]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定：GB 5009.5-2016[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2016.[19]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准 食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定：GB 5009.33-2016[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2016.[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2000.[21]曹兵,贺发云,徐秋明,等.露地种植大白菜的氮肥效应与氮素损失研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1116-1122.[22]武星魁,施卫明,徐永辉,等.长期不同化肥氮用量对设施菜地土壤氮素矿化和硝化作用的影响[J].土壤,2021,53(6):1160-1166.[23]蔡泽江,孙楠,王伯仁,等.长期施肥对红壤pH、作物产量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):71-78.[24]张瑞福,沈其荣.抑病型土壤的微生物区系特征及调控[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):125-132.[25]赵政,陈巍,王欢,等.木霉微生物肥与减量化肥配施对番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(5):1243-1253.[26]陈淼,李小娟,陈歆,等.不同施肥处理下热带土壤硝态氮累积特征及与土壤pH、辣椒产量的关系[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(5):1045-1050.[27]林伟,丁军军,李玉中,等.有机肥和无机肥对菜地土壤N2O排放及其来源的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(5):1470-1478.[28]武立叶,郑佩佩,赵吉祥,等.沼液灌溉对大白菜产量、品质及土壤养分含量的影响[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):90-93.[29]张扬.优化施肥对土壤性质及菜椒品质和产量的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2019,32(10):50-54.[30]刘羚慧.有机-无机肥料配施对大白菜产量及品质的影响[D].哈尔滨：东北农业大学,2013.[31]袁玉伟,赵明,张志恒,等.施肥对大白菜中氮同位素及硝酸盐含量的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(1):137-142.[32]姜振萃,闵炬,陆志新,等.机械起垄侧条施肥对大白菜产量和氨挥发的影响[J].土壤,2020,52(1):10-15.[33]李顺江,山楠,杜连凤,等.不同施肥模式对土壤氮磷含量及作物吸收特征的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2013(22):59-63.[34]汤桂容,周旋,田昌,等.有机无机氮肥配施对蔬菜产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1292-1299.[35]代银分,李永梅,李丽,等.秸秆生物炭对施猪粪有机肥土壤磷流失及白菜产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):793-799.[36]杨军芳,贾良良,冯伟,等.施用沼渣对白菜及土壤重金属含量状况的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(S1):322-327.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李其勇（1986-），男，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事作物高效栽培与绿色生产等研究工作。E-mail：liqiyong627@163.com.责任作者：张鸿（1970-），男，博士，研究员，现主要从事作物健身栽培与绿色防控技术等研究工作。E-mail：zhh503@163.com.基金项目：四川省育种攻关资助项目（2021YFYZ0021）。收稿日期：2022-04-19