WANG Wenjun,CHEN Qiling,ZHENG Qiangqing,et al.Effects of Different Bud Carving Treatments on Branching Rate and Branch and Leaf Growth Characteristics of Jujube[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(20):18-26.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20220605]
不同刻芽处理对枣树发枝率及枝叶生长特性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Bud Carving Treatments on Branching Rate and Branch and Leaf Growth Characteristics of Jujube
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以6年树龄的灰枣树为试材，对其进行不同部位、不同刻口长度、不同时间以及是否使用发枝素的刻芽处理，研究了不同处理方法对枣树发枝率、发枝量、新枝长、新枝径粗、叶片数以及叶绿素荧光特性等枝叶发育性状的影响，以期提升刻芽在枣树上的应用效果，明确枣树刻芽的具体实施参数。结果表明：在枣树萌芽前5 d对中心干进行径围1/2及以上刻口长度的刻芽时，能够有效提高其发枝率，促进新枝径粗及长势，若结合使用发枝素，对发枝率和发枝量的提升效果更佳，但发枝素对新枝长、径粗及叶片数无明显效果。另外，刻芽亦显著提升了新叶的荧光产量、〖JP+1〗光耐受性、光化学反应启动速率及传递速率，降低了新叶吸收光能以热耗散形式损失的能量，但无论刻芽还是涂抹发枝素，对新叶生理活性及其生理调节机制和自我保护机制均无显著的功能抑制性。综上，选择在枣树萌芽前5 d左右对其中心干配合发枝素，进行径围1/2及以上刻口长度的刻芽，可显著提高枣树的刻芽效果。
- Abstract:
- The 6-year-old gray jujube trees were used as test materials, it was treated with different position, different length of notch, different time and whether using branching element or not. The effects of different treatments on the branch and leaf development characteristics of jujube trees, such as branch percentage, branch quantity, new branch length, new branch diameter, number of leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were studied，in order to improve the application effect of carved buds on jujube trees, and to clarify the specific implementation parameters of jujube bud carvings. The results showed that when jujube buds were engraved on the central trunk with a diameter of 1/2 or more of the incision length on the 5th day before germination, the branching rate could be effectively improved, and the diameter and growth of new branches could be promoted. The effect of increasing the branching rate and the number of branches was better, but the branching element had no obvious effect on the length, diameter and number of leaves of new branches. In addition, engraved buds also significantly improved the fluorescence yield, light tolerance, photochemical reaction initiation rate and transfer rate of new leaves, and reduced the energy lost in the form of heat dissipation from the absorption of light energy by new leaves. Mycogenin had no significant functional inhibitory effect on the physiological activity of new leaves, its physiological regulation mechanism and self-protection mechanism. It could be seen that the bud carving effect of jujube tree could be significantly improved by selecting the center trunk of the jujube tree with branching agent about 5 days before germination, and carrying out bud carving with a diameter of 1/2 or more of the incision length.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王文军（1992-），男，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事果树优质高效栽培生理等研究工作。E-mail:835024432@qq.com.责任作者：陈奇凌（1970-）,男，本科，研究员，现主要从事果树优质高效栽培生理等研究工作。E-mail：cql619@163.com.基金项目：兵团重大科技资助项目（2019AA004,2021AA005）；南疆科研条件建设计划资助项目（2020DA004）。收稿日期：2022-02-21