XU Dabing,JIAO Zhongjiu,SI Guohan,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Optimization on Rain-shelter and High Mountain Cultivation Tomato Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(05):41-46.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20213507]
氮肥优化对高山避雨栽培番茄产量和养分利用率的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Optimization on Rain-shelter and High Mountain Cultivation Tomato Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency
- Keywords:
- high mountain vegetables; nutrient accumulation; nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency; nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency; nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以避雨栽培番茄为试材，采用2年田间试验，研究了不同施氮量、氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代化肥氮对高山避雨栽培番茄产量和氮素利用率的影响，以期为高山避雨番茄化肥减施提供参考依据。结果表明：405 kg?hm-2施氮量能够获得较高的番茄果实产量、植株氮素累积量和氮素利用率。与习惯施肥相比，氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮均能获得略高的番茄产量（0.73%~2.92%），氮肥、磷肥用量分别减少了11.11%和20.00%、51.85%和51.85%，而氮素农学效率、氮素偏生产力分别增加了25.44%和28.60%、15.79%和25.91%。综上所述，在水肥协同条件下，鄂西高山避雨栽培番茄最适施氮量为405 kg?hm-2，且氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮能够获得与习惯施肥相当产量和更高的氮素利用率。
- Abstract:
- Taking the rain-shelter cultivated tomato as test material,the two years field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates,optimized combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with drip irrigation on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato,in order to determine the suitable application method of nitrogen fertilizer in tomato cultivation,and provide a reference for scientific fertilization in the rain-shelter and high mountain.The results showed that the higher tomato fruit yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was obtained by nitrogen application rate of 405 kg?hm-2.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield of tomato was slightly higher (0.73%-2.92%) under the optimal combination of N,P,K and organic fertilizer N instead of 20% of chemical fertilizer treatments.The application amount decreased by 11.11% and 20.00% of N fertilizer,51.85% and 51.85% of P fertilizer,respectively.When applied with optimal combination of N,P,K and organic fertilizer N instead chemical fertilizer,the agronomic use efficiency increased by 25.44% and 28.60%,and 15.79% and 25.91% of partial productivity,respectively.With water and fertilizer suppled,the optimal nitrogen application rate of high mountain tomato in the rain-shelter cultivation in Western Hubei was 405 kg?hm-2,and the optimal combination and organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of 20% of chemical fertilizer can obtain the similar yield and higher nitrogen use efficiency of conventional fertilization.
参考文献/References:
[1]朱凤娟,邱正明,矫振彪,等.湖北高山蔬菜产业发展现状及建议[J].中国蔬菜,2020(3):5-11.[2]赵晓美,刘许辉,莫建军,等.桂林高山番茄避雨栽培与露地栽培比较试验[J].农业科技通讯,2020（9）:168-169,170[3]韩沛华,闵炬,诸海焘,等.长三角地区设施蔬菜施肥现状及土壤性状研究[J].土壤,2020,52(5):994-1000.[4]徐彬,徐健,祁建杭,等.江苏省设施蔬菜连作障碍土壤理化及生物特征[J].江苏农业学报,2019,35(5):1124-1129.[5]黄楠,赵跃,刘继培,等.减施磷肥对京郊设施番茄产量、品质及土壤有效磷的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(16):65-69.[6]张西森,张晓丽,祁立新,等.设施蔬菜土壤退化问题分析及改良利用技术[J].现代农业科技,2020(9):85-86.[7]张兰勤,唐新莲,黎晓峰,等.水肥一体化减量施肥对樱桃番茄产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(7):1270-1274.[8]张国显,白银霞,范永怀,等.化肥减量配施有机物料对设施番茄氮素积累、分配与利用率的影响[J].北方园艺,2019(3):6-13.[9]景博,刁明,张坤,等.基于临界氮浓度的加工番茄优化施肥效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020(6):205-212.[10]韩佳芮,吴文嫱,陈翀,等.灌水量和施氮量对番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(19):145-151.[11]王新,马富裕,刁明,等.不同施氮水平下加工番茄植株生长和氮素积累与利用率的动态模拟[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):1043-1050.[12]毕晓庆,山楠,杜连凤,等.氮肥用量对设施滴灌栽培番茄产量品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(11):2246-2250.[13]张学科,李惠霞,张倓,等.滴灌条件下水氮减量对番茄氮素利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):45-50.[14]汪俊玉,刘东阳,宋霄君,等.滴灌水肥一体化条件下番茄氮肥适宜用量探讨[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(6):98-103.[15]赵世杰,刘华山,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998.[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.[17]韩雪,曲梅,李银坤,等.不同施肥水平对温室番茄生长、氮吸收及产量品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021(2):162-169.[18]王文军,朱克保,叶寅,等.水肥一体肥料减量对大棚番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(28):38-42.[19]袁宇霞.灌水下限和施肥量对温室滴灌施肥番茄的生长和水肥利用的影响[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2013.[20]王远,许纪元,潘云枫,等.长江下游地区水肥一体化对设施番茄氮肥利用率及氨挥发的影响[J].土壤学报.https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1119.P.20201105.1519.002.html.（2020-11-06）[2021-08-25].[21]高志英,陈梅,樊蕾,等.不同氮肥用量下设施秋冬茬番茄干物质及氮素的积累动态[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(6):62-70.[22]梁静,王丽英,陈清,等.我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(10):16-21.[23]黄绍文,唐继伟,李春花,等.我国蔬菜化肥减施潜力与科学施用对策[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1480-1493.[24]黄绍文,王玉军,金继运,等.我国主要菜区土壤盐分、酸碱性和肥力状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):906-918.
相似文献/References:
[1]高宝岩,高伟,李明悦,等.不同施肥处理和茬口对设施黄瓜产量及养分累积的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,39(13):52.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201513016]
GAO Baoyan,GAO Wei,LI Mingyue,et al.Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments and Growing Seasons on Yield and Nutrient Accumulation Under Greenhouse Condition[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(05):52.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201513016]
[2]徐大兵,周剑雄,邱正明,等.氮肥替代和减施对高山露地辣椒养分吸收和产量与营养品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2019,43(21):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20190705]
XU Dabing,ZHOU Jianxiong,QIU Zhengming,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Replacement and Reduction on Nutrient Accumulation，Yield and Quality of Pepper on High Mountain Open Field[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(05):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20190705]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：徐大兵（1983-），男，博士，副研究员，现主要从事农业废弃物资源化利用、蔬菜施肥与土壤保育等研究工作。E-mail：dabing_xu@163.com.责任作者：赵书军（1969-），男，硕士，研究员，现主要从事土壤肥力与植物营养调控等研究工作。E-mail：zhaosj11@163.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFD0201210）；湖北省农业科技创新行动专项资助项目（2018skjcx01）。收稿日期：2021-08-25