WU Qi,SHAO Qin.Effects of Biochar Application on Different Vegetables Growth and Uptake of Heavy Metal Cadmium[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(09):1-7.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20203439]
施用生物质炭对不同蔬菜生长发育及重金属镉污染吸收的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Biochar Application on Different Vegetables Growth and Uptake of Heavy Metal Cadmium
- Keywords:
- biochar; cadmium pollution; vegetable growth; bioconcentration factor
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以代表性蔬菜小白菜、樱桃萝卜、空心菜、番茄为试材，采用盆栽试验法，研究了不同生物质炭施用量（0%、1%、5%）对重金属镉污染条件下土壤酶活性、不同蔬菜作物生长性状、营养品质、膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶系统和镉吸收能力的影响，以期评价生物质炭对不同蔬菜生长和减轻重金属镉污染的作用。结果表明：随着生物质炭施用量的增加，土壤过氧化物酶活性、土壤脲酶活性显著提高，土壤酸性磷酸酶活性受抑制；在镉污染条件下，生物质炭可显著提高不同蔬菜可食用部分生物量、维生素C和还原糖含量，且生长性状差异显著。小白菜和番茄叶片丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈下降趋势，樱桃萝卜则相反。当生物质炭施用量为5%时，不同蔬菜的硝酸盐含量和镉积累量显著降低，其生物富集系数急剧下降。综上，生物质炭可能起到了一定的肥效作用，吸附土壤中的部分硝酸盐，促进蔬菜作物维生素C的形成，降低镉积累量和生物有效性，从而减缓了镉污染对蔬菜作物的毒害作用，利于调节蔬菜作物的生理代谢和生长发育。
- Abstract:
- Four representative vegetables (bok choy,cherry radish,water spinach,tomato) were used as plant materials in a pot experiment which 0%，1% and 5% of biochar-soil weight ratios were added into soil polluted with cadmium respectively.Enzyme activity，growth characteristics，nutrient quality，membrane lipid peroxidation，anti-oxidase system and cadmium absorption capacity of different vegetables under heavy metal cadmium contamination were studied,in order to evaluate the effects of biochar on the growth of different vegetables and reduce cadmium pollution.The results showed that the activity of soil peroxidase，soil urease increased significantly，and soil acid phosphatase activity inhibited.Under cadmium contamination，biochar significantly increased the biomass，vitamin C and reducing sugar content of edible portion of different vegetables，and the growth characteristics were significantly different.MDA content，free proline content，SOD activity，POD activity，CAT activity in leaves bok choy and tomato showed a declining trend，while cherry radish was rising.When the application amount of biochar was 5%，nitrate content and cadmium accumulation of different vegetables decreased significantly，and their bioconcentration factors decreased sharply.Biochar could play a certain role in fertilizer，adsorbing some nitrates of soil，promoting vitamin C production in vegetables，reducing cadmium accumulation and biological effectiveness，and thus slowing down the toxic effect of cadmium pollution on those vegetables.It was beneficial to regulate the physiological metabolism and growth of different vegetables.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：吴琦（1986-），女，硕士，讲师，现主要从事生态农业与持续农业/农产品质量安全产地适宜性评价等研究工作。E-mail：wzkjzyxywq@163.com.责任作者：邵勤（1981-），男，博士，讲师，现主要从事植物生理生态与分子生物学等研究工作。E-mail：shaoqin2013@126.com.基金项目：浙江省教育厅一般科研资助项目(Y201636011)。收稿日期：2020-08-13