JIANG He,LU Yuxiang,CHONG Xiaoyue,et al.Field Control Effect of Apple Rust and Crop Safety Assessment of Triazole Fungicides[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(05):21-27.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20201693]
三唑类杀菌剂对苹果锈病的防效及作物安全性评价
- Title:
- Field Control Effect of Apple Rust and Crop Safety Assessment of Triazole Fungicides
- Keywords:
- apple rust; triazole fungicide; crop safety; field control effect
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以苹果锈病（Gymnosporangium yamadai）为试材，采用田间试验，研究了6种三唑类杀菌剂不同浓度不同施药时间对苹果锈病的田间防治效果及作物安全性的影响，以期为苹果锈病的安全高效防控提供参考依据。结果表明：腈菌唑的防治效果及安全性均表现优良，预防试验中，40%腈菌唑EC 2 000倍和4 000倍于幼果期第2次药后10 d保护苹果叶片不受G.yamadai侵染的防治效果均达98%以上，治疗试验中，果实膨大期第4次药后16 d抑制叶片病斑扩展的防治效果为90.89%和87.17%。作物安全性试验结果表明，供试药剂不同浓度于花芽露红期到果实膨大期施用，对苹果叶片、枝梢、花和果均无药害产生，果面无畸形和果锈。于花芽露红期到果实膨大期施药，只有10%苯醚甲环唑DC 2 000倍和40%腈菌唑EC 4 000倍的单果质量与对照差异不显著，其它各处理均下降9%以上。果实膨大期开始施药，供试药剂处理均未对果实生长产生显著影响。
- Abstract:
- Apple rust (Gymnosporangium yamadai) was used as material,the control efficacy of six triazole fungicides against apple rust and their crop safety were studied by field experiment,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the safe and efficient control of apple rust disease.The results showed that the control effect and crop safety of myclobutanil were prominent.Field trials demonstrated that in preventive experiment,when checked 10-day after the second application during the young fruit stage,the preventive effect of myclobutanil 40% EC at 2 000 times and 4 000 times dilutions could provide 98% in protecting apple leaves from G.yamadai infection.And in therapeutic experiment,when checked 16-day post to the fourth application during the fruit swelling stages,the control effect were 90.89% and 87.17% in inhibiting the spread of leaf lesions.The results of crop safety tests showed that,when sprayed at red bud,full-bloom,fruitlet and fruit swelling stages,no phytotoxicity was found on the tested leaves,branches,flowers and fruits.While,when sprayed from the red bud stage to fruit swelling stage,all the fungicide treatments but difenoconazole 10% DC 2 000 times dilution and myclobutanil 40% EC 4 000 times dilution,the single fruit weight of other fungicide treatments decreased by more than 9% compared with untreated control.When sprayed the tested fungicides during fruit swelling stage,there was no noteworthy reduction in single fruit weight between the recommended concentration of fungicides treatments and the untreated control.
参考文献/References:
[1]TAO S Q,CAO B,MORIN E,et al.Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp.teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle[J].BMC Genomics,2019,20(1):1-16.[2]TAO S Q,CAO B,TIAN C M,et al.Comparative transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate effectors in two related rust species (Gymnosporangium yamadae and Gymnosporangium asiaticum)[J].BMC Genomics,2017,18(1):651.[3]ZHAO P,LIU F,LI Y M,et al.Inferring phylogeny and speciation of Gymnosporangium species,and their coevolution with host plants[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:29339.[4]LEE D K,AHN S,CHO H Y,et al.Metabolic response induced by parasitic plant-fungus interactions hinder amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism in the host[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6(1):37434.[5]蒲建霞.甘肃天水苹果锈病的发生与综合防治[J].中国果树,2012(1):65-66.[6]CAO Z M,LI Z Q,ZHUANG J Y.Uredinales from the Qinling Mountains[J].Mycosystema,2000,19(1):13-23.[7]GUO Y N.The integrated management of the rust of apple (Gymnosporangium yamadae Miyabe)[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,1994,19:28-29.[8]王素琴,杨志萍,于洁.苹果锈病严重发生原因及综合防治措施[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(1):145-146.[9]李保华,王彩霞,董向丽.我国苹果主要病害研究进展与病害防治中的问题[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):46-54.[10]马天骥.甘肃秦安苹果锈病重发原因与综合防治策略[J].中国植保导刊,2019,39(12):61-63.[11]卢凯洁,赵多长,伏松平.苹果锈病严重发生原因及综合防治措施[J].中国果树,2009(4):72-73.[12]胡晓涵.苯醚甲环唑对几种苹果病害的防治研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.[13]赵占周.三唑类杀菌剂使用技巧[J].西北园艺(果树),2017(3):46-47.[14]曹海潮,李秀环,王晓坤,等.吡唑醚菌酯及三唑类杀菌剂对番茄颈腐根腐病的防治效果[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(21):64-74.[15]毕彦博,潘红艳,张晓庆,等.三唑类杀菌剂调节植物逆境生长研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(30):213-217.[16]李远播.几种典型手性三唑类杀菌剂对映体的分析、环境行为及其生物毒性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.[17]刘传德,王培松,王继秋,等.三唑类杀菌剂及其在小麦病害防治中的应用研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005(1):159-162.[18]纪莉景,栗秋生,王连生,等.戊唑醇防治小麦赤霉病施药时期及安全性评价[J].植物保护,2017,43(3):203-206.[19]韩银宝,应龙,章东生,等.己唑醇种衣剂对麦苗素质的影响[J].种子,2000(2):19-20.[20]GUO H W.Understanding the mode of phytohormones′ action in plants[J].Science China Life Sciences,2011,54(11):1062-1063.[21]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.中国国家标准化管理委员会GB/T 17980.124-2004农药田间药效试验准则(二)杀菌剂防治苹果斑点落叶病[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.[22]董向丽,李海燕,孙丽娟,等.苹果锈病防治药剂筛选及施药适期研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):174-179.[23]王雅玲,孙丽娜,杨代斌,等.戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑种子处理对玉米幼苗生长的影响比较[J].作物杂志,2009(4):60-63.[24]陈雨,张爱芳,夏本勇,等.吡唑醚菌酯对大豆炭疽病防效及保健增产作用[J].农药,2011,50(9):697-699.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：姜鹤（1995-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物病害流行与综合防控。E-mail：760324893@qq.com.责任作者：王树桐（1975-），男，博士，教授，现主要从事植物病害流行与综合防治教学与科研等工作。E-mail：bdstwang@163.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFD0201100）；国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-27）；河北省农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项资助项目（19226508D）；新疆生产建设兵团科技发展专项资金资助项目（2018AB035）；新疆生产建设兵团农二师科技攻关资助项目（2019NYGG01）。收稿日期：2020-06-24