CAI Miao,ZHANG Rong,LYU Shuang,et al.Effects of Fertigation With Fertilizer Reduction on Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(03):48-53.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20191752]
水肥一体肥料减施对日光温室番茄生长、产量及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Fertigation With Fertilizer Reduction on Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse
- Keywords:
- fertigation; fertilizer reduction; yield; quality; economic benefit
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以设施番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’为试材，以农户常规管理的大水冲施肥料（CK）为对照，采用田间试验的方法，研究在水肥一体化滴灌条件下肥料和灌溉水量均减量处理（F）对番茄植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明：与农户常规施肥灌溉管理（CK）相比，水肥一体化处理的氮、磷、钾总施肥量降低了40.6%，总灌溉水量减少了25.3%，而产量显著提高了9.0%，肥料偏生产力是CK的1.8倍。在番茄盛果期，仅株高表现为CK显著高于水肥一体化处理，茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶绿素SPAD值等均在水肥一体化处理中较高。在番茄成熟期，水肥一体化处理的果实维生素C含量显著高于CK，可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量二者差异不显著。水肥一体化处理的肥料成本较CK增加了78.3%，灌溉成本降低了25.3%，人工成本降至50.0%，总利润增收了9.3%。综上可知，应用水肥一体化技术进行番茄种植，不仅显著提升产量，品质有所改善，种植利润提高，且减少的肥料和灌溉水量降低了养分向土壤深层环境淋溶的风险，是促进农民增收和保障环境安全的重要技术基础。
- Abstract:
- The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of fertigation treatment (F) with fertilizer and irrigation reduction on tomato plant growth,yield and fruit quality in solar greenhouse,compared with the farmer conventional fertilization and irrigation management (CK).The results showed that compared with CK,the total fertilization amount of N,P,K and total irrigation amount decreased by 40.6% and 25.3%,respectively,in the F treatment.The fruit yield increased by 9.0% significantly in the F treatment.The fertilizer partial productivity in the F treatment was 1.8 times of that in CK.In full fruit stage,the plant height was significantly higher in CK,however,the stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,and SPAD value were all larger in the F treatment.In maturation stage,the fruit vitamin C content in the F treatment was significantly higher than that in CK,while the soluble solids content and titratable acid content performed no significant difference between CK and F treatments.Compared with CK,the fertilizer cost increased by 78.3%,irrigation cost decreased by 25.3%,labor cost decreased to 50%,total profit improved by 9.3% in the F treatment.Therefore,we concluded that tomato planting with fertigation technology could significantly increase fruit yield,improve quality and increase the planting profit.The reduced amount of fertilizer and irrigation water decreased the risk of nutrient leaching into the deep soil layer.The fertigation facility would be an important technical basis for improving farmers′ income and ensuring environmental security.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：蔡苗（1986-），女，陕西西安人，博士，农艺师，研究方向为耕地质量提升及化肥减量技术。E-mail:caimiao12@163.com.责任作者：吕爽（1979-），女，陕西宝鸡人，博士，高级农艺师，研究方向为土壤肥料技术推广。E-mail:gracelv79@163.com.基金项目：西安市科技局设施农业新技术研究资助项目（NC1504-6）。收稿日期：2019-08-03