WANG Kunqi,ZHAO Qian,JIA Dongdong,et al.Construction and Method Decision of Single Channel Water and Fertilizer Irrigation System Based on PLC[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(11):158-164.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20182065]
基于PLC控制的单通道水肥灌溉系统构建与决策方法
- Title:
- Construction and Method Decision of Single Channel Water and Fertilizer Irrigation System Based on PLC
- 关键词:
- 单一肥料; 水肥一体; 可编程控制器（PLC）; PID控制
- Keywords:
- single fertilizer; integrated water and fertilizer; Programmable Logic Controller (PLC); PID control principle
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 针对在传统农业生产区面临的农业设施基础建设程度低及专业化人才短缺的问题，开发了一套单通道水肥灌溉系统，并嵌入了基于土壤含水量和光累积辐射的水肥耦合综合决策控制方法，由原液组件、灌溉首部及控制单元3个部分组成。硬件部分，以可编程控制器（PLC）作为控制核心，利用控制面板上多个旋钮组合，实现水肥的多层次耦合供给。软件部分，利用双因子条件启动方法及基于水分传感器的控制方法，综合进行灌溉决策；利用PID控制原理，进行灌溉液EC值的动态调控。系统有手动和自动2种工作模式，相较传统施肥机，取消了本地上位机，免除了繁琐的触摸设置过程，避免了触摸屏在高温高湿温室环境中的故障事件，提高了系统鲁棒性；同时，配置的自动灌溉方法将传统大水大肥的灌溉模式替换为少量多次的水肥耦合供液模式，解放了劳动力，减少了水分渗漏，提高了水分利用效率。在实际的推广应用中，该系统安装方便、功能实用，适用于塑料大棚、日光温室等节本投入土壤栽培，符合当前传统农业发展需求。
- Abstract:
- Promoting integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer in the Northwest China is important.But considering the problems about the low level of infrastructure construction and the shortage of specialized talents,the integrated water and fertilization irrigation system of single channel was developed in this study,as well as a control schedule about water and fertilizer coupling,which embedded irrigation strategy based on soil moisture and cumulative radiation.The system was composed of dope bucket,irrigation head and control unit.For the hardware,Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and multiple knobs on the panel were used to realize multi-level coupling supply of water and fertilizer.For the software,on one side,the comprehensive control method based on dual-factor conditional activation and water sensor was used to realize automatic irrigation;on the other side,adjusted EC value of irrigation solution applying PID principle.The system can work in manual mode or in automatic mode,eliminating the local upper computer and the cumbersome touch setting process.Compared with traditional fertilizer applicators,the robustness of the system was higher due to avoidance of fault events of the touch screen in greenhouse with a high temperature and high humidity environment.Meanwhile,the configured automatic irrigation method replaced the traditional irrigation mode of excessive water and fertilizer with a small number of water-fertilizer coupling supply mode,with an effect of liberating the labor force,reducing water leakage,and increasing water use efficiency.To sum up,in the actual promotion,the system was easy to install,functional and practical,and were suitable for plastic cultivation,solar greenhouses and other cost-effective soil cultivation,in line with the current needs of the development of traditional agriculture.
参考文献/References:
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王琨琦(1955-)，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，现主要从事工程测试与智能控制等研究工作。E-mail:372122167@qq.com.责任作者：郭文忠(1970-)，男，博士，研究员，现主要从事设施园艺工程技术与智能装备等研究工作。E-mail:guowz@nercita.org.cn.基金项目：陕西省农业科技创新与攻关资助项目（2016NY-149）；陕西省教育厅产业化资助项目（2013JC26）。收稿日期：2018-08-30