ZHU Jinxia,KONG Dejie,LI Miao,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Performance and Quality of Purple Potato in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(24):48-53.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20181877]
施氮量对宁夏扬黄灌区紫薯产量性能及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Performance and Quality of Purple Potato in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia
- Keywords:
- purple potato; nitrogen application; Ningxia Yanghuang irrigation district; production performance; quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以紫薯品种“凌紫”为试材，于2015—2016年，在宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区开展了田间小区试验，设置氮肥（施纯氮，下同）施用量为0、30、60、90、120 kg·hm-2，研究了氮肥施用量对紫薯产量性能及品质的影响，分析了不同施氮量处理对紫薯产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响，以期为宁夏扬黄灌区紫薯高产高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：施氮量对紫薯产量及其构成因素和干物质含量影响显著，在一定范围内增施氮肥（0～90 kg·hm-2），可提高收获期鲜薯产量、单株结薯数，单株总薯质量和块根的干物质积累，但是过高的氮肥施用量(≥120 kg·hm-2），不利于鲜薯产量的提高；氮肥施用对紫薯块根花青素合成存在一定影响，氮肥施用量较低时，有利于促进花青素的合成，过高的氮肥施用，抑制花青素的合成，〖JP+2〗但能促进紫薯块根中蛋白质的合成；不同施氮量处理紫薯地上、地下和整个植株的氮素吸收量变化规律不同，随着施氮量的增加，地上部分氮素吸收量呈逐渐递增趋势，在120 kg·hm-2处理达最大值，而地下部分和整个植株总的氮素吸收量呈先增大后减小的趋势，在90 kg·hm-2处理达最大值；氮肥利用率随着氮肥施用量的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势，60 kg·hm-2处理氮肥利用率最高，可达33.5%。综合考虑作物增产、氮肥利用率和土壤培肥等因素，认为氮肥施用量为60~90 kg·hm-2时，有利于协调地上部与地下部的生长，加快养分向薯块运转，从而实现高产和高氮肥生产力。
- Abstract:
- In order to provide reference for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of purple potato in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield performance and quality of purple potato was studied,the ‘Lingzi’ purple potato was used as the experimental crop,from 2015 to 2016,the field experiments was conducted in the Yanghuang irrigation area of Hong Sibao in Ningxia.The application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was set to be 0,30,60,90,and 120 kg·hm-2.The effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield,quality and utilization efficiency of sweet potato fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that the rate of the N application had a great effect on purple potato yield,components and dry matter content,as the amount of fertilizer increased from 0 to 90 kg·hm-2,the production of the fresh potato in harvest,the number of the potato per plant,the weight of the total potato per plant and root dry matter accumulation,were all increased gradually,but if the nitrogen was more than 120 kg·hm-2,it was not conducive to raise the output of fresh potato.Nitrogen fertilization had some effect on anthocyanin synthesizes in purple potato root,when the nitrogen is lower,it was beneficial to promote the synthesize of anthocyanin,high nitrogen fertilization,inhibit the synthesis of anthocyanin,but could stimulate protein synthesize in the purple potato root.The nitrogen uptake of the purple potato which on the ground,underground and the whole plant changes were different,with the increase of N application,the ground part of nitrogen uptake was increased gradually,in the treatment of 120 kg·hm-2 reached the maximum,the nitrogenous uptake of the underground part and the whole plant,were increased first and then decreased,in the treatment of 90 kg·hm-2 reached the maximum value.The utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer,increased with the added of nitrogen fertilizer first,the treatment of 60 kg·hm-2 was the highest,reaching 33.5%,then decreased.Under the consideration of the factors,such as crop yield,nitrogen utilization,soil fertilizer such as,comprehensively,the moderate of nitrogen was from 60 to 90 kg·hm-2 in this experimental conditions,appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was conducive to the growth of aerial part and underground part,to speed up the transport of nutrient to potato root,so as to realize high yield and high nitrogen productivity.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：朱金霞(1977-)，女，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事植物资源与农业化学等研究工作。E-mail：jinxiazhu001@163.com.责任作者：孔德杰(1982-)，男，博士，助理研究员，现主要从事作物栽培等研究工作。E-mail:kdj1982@126.com.基金项目：宁夏回族自治区科技支撑对外合作资助项目；宁夏农林科学院一二三产业融合资助项目（NKYZ-16-03）；宁夏重点研发计划资助项目（2016-2017农业园区项目）。收稿日期：2018-07-12