HUANG Sufang,RUI Songqing,YUE Mingqiang,et al.Effects of Natural Grass on Fruit Quality and Soil Nutrient in Jinsi Jujube Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(16):55-60.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20174099]
金丝小枣园自然生草对果实品质及土壤养分的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Natural Grass on Fruit Quality and Soil Nutrient in Jinsi Jujube Orchard
- Keywords:
- natural grass; Jinsi jujube; disease occurrence; soil traits
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为明确适合河北平原区枣园的生草模式，以金丝小枣园为研究对象，分别设清耕区（CK)、自然生草3年区（T1）、自然生草6年区（T2)3种地面管理模式，研究其对枣果产量、浆烂病和裂果病发病率及对土壤物理性状和土壤养分的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，T2的平均单果质量比CK增加27.84%，枣果的可溶性固形物含量增加4.84个百分点，制干率增加5.40个百分点，平均单株产量增加30.67%。裂果率降低9.01个百分点，浆烂率降低12.96个百分点。0～20、20～40 cm土层有机质含量分别增加35.90%和13.78%，碱解氮含量分别增加29.90%和30.99%，速效磷含量分别增加27.15%和24.90%，速效钾含量分别增加13.21%和13.02%。0～20、20～40 cm土层容重分别降低了12.88%和17.49%，土壤孔隙度分别增加了18.94、12.02个百分点，0～20、20～40 cm土壤pH分别降低了0.26、0.15。不同土层土壤含水量均高于清耕区（CK)，且差异均达显著水平（P<0.05）。综上，自然生草后能明显改善土壤的物理性状，增加养分含量，提高枣果的产量和品质，且随着生草年限的增长，效果越明显。
- Abstract:
- In order to clarify the suitable grassland pattern of jujube orchard in Hebei plain area,the Jinsi jujube orchard was selected as the research object and divided into three kinds of ground management mode such as the tillage area (CK),natural grass 3 years (T1) and natural grass 6 years (T2),the impact on jujube fruit production,the incidence of pulp rotten disease and crackling disease,soil physical properties and soil nutrients were studied.The results showed that the average fruit weight of T2 treatment increased by 27.84%,soluble solid content of jujube fruit increased by 4.84 percentage points,the desiccation rate increased by 5.40 percentage points and the average yield of per plant increased by 30.67% compared with CK.Cracking rate decreased by 9.01 percentage points,pulp rotten rate decreased by 12.96 percentage points.Organic matter content of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm soil increased by 35.90% and 13.78%,available N content increased by 29.90% and 30.99%,available P content increased by 27.15% and 24.90%,available K content increased by 13.21% and 13.02% respectively.Bulk density of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm soil decreased by 12.88% and 17.49%,soil porosity increased by 18.94 percentage points and 12.02 percentage points respectively.pH of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil decreased by 0.26,0.15 respectively.The soil water content of different soil layers was higher than that of pure plowing area (CK),which was significantly different (P<0.05).In summary,the natural grass could significantly improve the physical properties of the soil,increase the nutrient content and improve the yield and quality of jujube fruit,whose effect was more obvious with the growth of raw grass.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：黄素芳（1978-），女，河北任丘人，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事枣树育种及栽培等研究工作。E-mail：huangsufang1978@sina.com.责任作者：芮松青（1966-），男，河北献县人，本科，副研究员，现主要从事枣树栽培及病虫害防治技术等研究工作。基金项目：河北省重点研发计划自筹经费资助项目（17226825）；沧州市农业地方标准制修订资助项目（CD201502）。收稿日期：2018-02-05