SUN Zhengguo.Effect of Biomass Charcoal on Growth Characteristics and Quality of Watermelon[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(24):157-163.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201524043]
生物质炭对西瓜植株生长性质及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Biomass Charcoal on Growth Characteristics and Quality of Watermelon
- Keywords:
- biomass charcoal; watermelon plant; growth characteristics; quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以西瓜为试材，利用控制性的大田试验栽培技术，研究了不同浓度生物质炭（对照CK，0 t/hm2、低生物质炭LB，5 t/hm2、中生物质炭MB，10 t/hm2、高生物质炭HB，20 t/hm2）对西瓜植株生长性质和品质的影响。结果表明：不同浓度生物质炭对西瓜植株的生长均具有明显的促进作用，西瓜植株各生长指标均高于对照，其中以根长的变化幅度最大；生物质炭降低了西瓜幼苗非保护酶活性，提高了保护性酶活性，不同浓度生物质炭处理下西瓜幼苗过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性整体呈先增加后下降趋势，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性呈逐渐降低趋势，高浓度生物质炭引起了西瓜根系细胞的失水，抑制酶活性的发挥，产生轻微的抑制作用；施入生物质炭会增加西瓜植株根区土壤pH值和降低根区土壤电导率；生物质炭在一定程度上对西瓜根区土壤养分的累积作用和改良土壤肥力作用，但对磷素并没有显著的影响，土壤钾素的增加幅度高于土壤其它养分指标；施用生物质炭后，西瓜植物体内全碳和全氮含量均随生物质炭浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势，全磷含量呈降低趋势，全钾含量呈增加趋势，并且显著高于对照（P<0.05）；以中水平生物质炭（MB）处理下西瓜植株品质最高，而高水平生物质炭（HB）可能会降低西瓜植株的品质。总之，生物质炭在一定程度上可以提高西瓜植株生长特性和根区土壤理化养分含量，但这还与土壤类型、西瓜种类、土壤肥力和生态环境等密切相关。
- Abstract:
- By controlling the fields experiment of cultivation technique to study the responses of growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of watermelon to different biomass charcoal addition levels (CK 0 t/hm2，LB 5 t/hm2，MB 10 t/hm2，HB 20 t/hm2).The results showed that biomass charcoal addition stimulated the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of watermelon，the index of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of watermelon were higher than CK，which showed MB＞HN＞LN>CK with biomass charcoal addition，and the larger rangeability was the root area.Biomass charcoal addition decreased the seedlings of non-protective enzyme activity of watermelon and increased the protective enzyme activity，which the protective enzyme activity were first increased and then declined with the increasing biomass charcoal addition，and the non-protective enzyme activity were gradually declined.While high concentrations of biomass charcoal (HB) could cause the cells of watermelon root to lose water and inhibit the activity of enzyme.Biomass charcoal addition increased the pH and decreased the soil electric conductivity of the root area of watermelon.To a certain extent，biomass charcoal had an effect on the accumulation of the soil nutrient and improved soil fertility of the root area of watermelon, but had no effect on the accumulation of P，and the increase of soil potassium was higher than other soil nutrient index.The content of total carbon and total nitrogen of watermelon plant was first increased and then declined with the increasing biomass charcoal addition，the total phosphorus content showed a trend of decrease，and the total potassium was contrary to he total phosphorus.The quality of watermelon was higher with the middle concentrations of biomass charcoal (MB)，while HB could decreased the quality of watermelon.All in all，a certain range of biomass charcoal addition could improve the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of watermelon，and increase soil nutrient and fertility of the root area of watermelon, but that was closely related to soil type，watermelon type，soil fertility and ecological environment.
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备注/Memo
作者简介：孙正国（1966-），男，江苏南通人，本科，副教授，研究方向为农业生态。E-mail:zhengguosun@163.com.基金项目：江苏省农业三项工程资助项目(SXGC（2012）134)。