LI Zhuang,LI Enmao,YUAN Jicun,et al.Review of Inducing Mechanism of Apple Fruit Russeting and Prevention and Control Techniques[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(22):198-201.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201522051]
苹果果锈发生机制及防控技术研究进展
- Title:
- Review of Inducing Mechanism of Apple Fruit Russeting and Prevention and Control Techniques
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 从品种与品系、组织学、果锈诱发过程、微裂隙诱发因素、内源激素与外源激素作用等方面，系统梳理了近年来有关果锈发生机制研究进展，简要介绍了果锈防控技术，以期为果锈抗性品种选育和感锈品种的分子改良提供思路，同时提出苹果果锈发生机制研究中需要进一步解决的问题。
- Abstract:
- In order to provide some inspiration of fruit russet-resistant varieties breeding and molecular improvement，apple fruit russeting was studied systematically from the following perspectives，including the cultivars，strains，histology，occurring process，factors inducing microcrack，endogenous hormone，and exogenous hormone function so on.Then，prevention and control technologies about fruit russetring were briefly reviewed.At the end of the article，some advice were gaven and problems needed to be resolved in order to understand mechanism of inducing fruit russeting.
参考文献/References:
[1]张敏.无锈“金冠苹果4-6-3”[J].中国果树,1991(3):23-25. [2]晁无疾,李维林.苹果果锈研究现状[J].山西果树,1994(1):24-27. [3]吴厚玖,陈荣柱,李育农.金冠苹果果锈发生时期与锈化过程的研究[J].园艺学报,1984,11(1)：51-56. [4]CREASY L L.The correlation of weather parameters with russet of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples under orchard conditions [J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci,1980，105:735-738. [5]KNOCHE M，GRIMM E.Surface moisture induces microcracks in the cuticle of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple [J].Hort Science，2008,43:1929-1931. [6]NICOLA N,TOMMASO E.‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit shape and russeting [J].Sci Hort，1996,65:2009-2013. [7]GILDEMACHER P R,HEIJNE B,HOUBRAKENJ,et al.Can phyllosphere yeasts explain the effect of scab fungicides on russeting of Elstar apples [J].Eur J Plant Pathol,2004,110:929-937. [8]NEJATZADEH B,TALAIE A.The effect of gibberellins on russeting in golden delicious apples [J].Journal of Horticulture and Forestry，2009，1(4):61-64. [9]FAUST M，SHEAR C B.Russeting of apples，an interpretive review [J].Hort Science，1972（7）:233-235. [10]SIMONS R K，CHU M C.Periderm morphology of mature Golden Delicious apple with special reference to russeting [J].Sci Hort，1978(8):333-340. [11]STEVEN M，OBERMILLER J D.Prohexadione-Ca reduces russet and does not negate the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for russet control on ‘Golden Delicious’ [J].Apples Hort Science,2007,42(3):550-554. [12]纪明山.喷药操作技术对金冠苹果果锈发生的影响[J].中国果树,1992(1)：28-29. [13]S′ANCHEZ E,SOTO J M，UVALLE J X，et al.Chemical treatments in “Golden Delicious spur” fruit in relation to russeting and nutritional status [J].J Plant Nutr，2001，24(1)：191-202. [14]LOONEY N E，GRANGER RL，CHU C L，et al.Influences of gibberellins A4，A4+7，and A4+iso-A7 on apple fruit quality and tree productivity.I.Effects on fruit russet and tree yield components[J].J Hort Sci,1992，67：613-618. [15]MORITZ K，BISHNU P.Khanal russeting and microcracking of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit concomitantly decline due to Gibberellin A4+7 application [J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci，2011，136(3)：159-164. [16]CURRY C.Increase in epidermal planar cell density accompanies decreased russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples treated with gibberellin A4+7 [J].Hort Science，2012，47(2)：232-237. [17]史云东.苹果套袋正负面效应分析及应对措施[J].中国南方果树,2007,36（2）:64-66. [18]MILLER S，MCNEW R，BELDING R L.Performance of apple cultivars in the NE-183 regional Project planting：II.fruit quality characteristics [J].J Amer Pomol Soc,2004，58：65-77. [19]ECCHER T，HAJNAJARI H，LELLAL S D，et al.Gibberellin content of apple fruit as affected by genetic and environmental factors [J].Acta Hort,2008，774：221-228. [20]杨丽媛,师忠轩,徐秀丽,等.金冠苹果芽变新品种丰帅的选育[J].中国果树,2012(2)：1-4. [21]FARST M，SHEAR C B.Fine structure of the fruit surface of three apple cultivars [J].Amer Soc Hort Sci,1972，97：351-355. [22]BELL H P.The origin of russeting in the Golden Delicious apple [J].Can J For Res,1937，15：560-566. [23]张敏，杨彬，高爱农.金冠果皮结构和致锈关系研究初报[J].果树,1987(4)：4-7. [24]夏春森,周萍.影响金冠苹果果锈形成的因子[J].园艺学报,1988，15(2):139-142. [25]李健花，高晶晶,冯新新.‘金冠’苹果与其无锈芽变的果皮性状比较和防锈技术研究[J].园艺学报，2014，41(1):35-43. [26]PETRACEK P D，BUKOVAC M J.Rheological properties of enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticle [J].Plant Physiol，1995，109：675-679. [27]KHANAL B P，GRIMM S，FINGER A，et al.Intracuticular wax fixes and restricts strain in leaf and fruit cuticles [J].New Phytol,2013，200(1):134-143. [28]KNOCHE M.Russeting in apple seems unrelated to the mechanical properties of the cuticle at maturity [J].Hort Science，2013，48(9)：1135-1138. [29]KNOCHE M，GRIMM E.Surface moisture induces microcracks in the cuticle of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple [J].Hort Science，2008，43：1929-1931. [30]KNOCHE M，PESCHEL S.Water on the surface aggravates microscopic cracking of the sweet cherry fruit cuticle [J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci，2006，131：192-200. [31]VERNER L.Histology of apple fruit tissue in relation to cracking [J].J Agr Res，1938，57：813-824. [32]HATCH A H.The influence of mineral nutrition and fungicides on russeting of ‘Goldspur’ apple fruit [J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci，1975，100：52-55. [33]ASHIZAWA M Y.CHUJO T.Histological studies on the cause of russet in ‘Golden Delicioius’ apple [J].Tech Bul Fac Agr Kagawa Univ，1984，35：89-99. [34]DOMINUEZ E J，HEREDIA A.An overview on plant cuticle biomechanics.Plant Sci,2011,18(12):77-84. [35]KHANAL B P，GRIMM E，KNOCHE M.Fruit growth cuticle deposition，water uptake and fruit cracking in jostaberry，gooseberry and black currant [J].Sci Hortic,2011，128：289-296. [36]CURRY E A.Growth-induced microcracking and repair mechanisms of fruit cuticles.proceedings of the SEM annual conference[J].Albuquerque New Mexico USA,2009(6)：1-4. [37]GINZVERGA I，FOGELMANA E，ROSENTHALA L，et al.Maintenance of high epidermal cell density and reduced calyx-end cracking in developing ‘Pink Lady’ apples treated with a combination of cytokinin 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4+A7[J].Sci Hortic，2014，165：324-330. [38]ECCHER T，BOFFELLI G.Effects of dose and time of application of GA4+7 on rus-seting，fruit set and shape of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples[J].Sci Hortic，1981(14)：307-314. [39]ECCHER，T.Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples as related to endogenous and exogenous gibberellins[J].Acta Hort,1978，2 (179)：381-385. [40]ECCHER T.Russeting and shape of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples as related to endogenous GA content of fruitlets [J].Acta Hort,1986，2 (179):767-770. [41]ECCHER T，HAJNAJARI H.Fluctuations of endogenous Gibberellin A4 and A7 content in apple fruits with different sensitivity to russet proc [J].Acta Hort，2006，727：544-537. [42]BARANDOOZI N F，TALAIE A.The effect of gibberellins on russeting in golden delicious apples [J].J Hortic For,2009，1(4):61-64. [43]LEGAY S，GUERRIERO G，DELERUELLE A,et al.Apple russeting as seen through the RNA seq lens：strong alterations in the exocarp cell wall[J].Plant Mol Biol,2015,88(1):21-40.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李壮（1975-），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向为果树栽培与生理。E-mail:lizhuangcaas@163.com.责任作者：程存刚(1969-)，男，博士研究生，研究员，研究方向为果树栽培生理。E-mail:ccungang@sohu.com.基金项目：国家“863”计划资助项目（2013AA102405）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目（CARS-28）。