Taking Castanea mollissima ‘Yanhong’ as the test material,the objective of this experiment was to compare the vegetative growth,economic characters,chlorophyll content,and net photosynthetic between two different tree forms in Castanea mollissima which were fence wall form and natural round head form respectively.The results showed that trees with fence wall form got bigger light area and higher utilization of light energy than those trees with natural round head form.It was more beneficial to the formation and accumulation of photosynthetic products and got higher yield per unit than the latter.