On the basis of discussing the concept of farmer,quality and farmers’ quality,it pointed out that improving farmers’ quality was the necessary of constructing socialist new countryside,developing exportoriented agriculture,rapid development of agricultural science and technology,realization of modernization agriculture et al；some essential conditions for improving farmer’ quality were put forward,for example,farmers’ increasing concern about their own self worth and development were an inherent driving force for improving their quality,and the great importance which harmonious society attached to the livelihood of people provided the most powerful theoretical basis to it.Therefore new type farmers with knowledge,farming technique and management should be cultivated through comprehensive development of rural education and training on farmers’ quality to create a good cultural environment for the construction of new countryside.