ZHANG Luhe,WANG Chenbing,ZHAO Mingxin,et al.Study on Supercooling Point and Freezing Point of Pear and Apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2026,(12):46-53.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20253719]
梨和苹果过冷却点及结冰点的研究
- Title:
- Study on Supercooling Point and Freezing Point of Pear and Apple
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2026)12-0046-08
- Keywords:
- blooming period; young fruit; supercooling point; freezing point; antifreeze
- 分类号:
- S661
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以梨和苹果为试材，采用人工霜箱模拟降温过程和不同防冻液喷施花朵，研究了梨和苹果不同器官的过冷点和结冰点，同时研究了不同防冻液对梨和苹果过冷点和结冰点的影响，以期为梨树和苹果树花期冻害机理的研究和防冻措施提供参考依据。结果表明：‘早酥梨’幼果期子房的过冷却点较盛花期平均低3.1 ℃，‘早酥梨’幼果期子房的结冰点较盛花期平均低1.33 ℃；‘长富2号’幼果期子房的过冷却点较盛花期平均低0.47 ℃；与CK相比，T1（磷酸二氢钾333倍液+氨基酸600倍液+2,4-表芸苔素内酯-S-诱抗素7 000倍液）降低‘香蕉梨’幼果子房的过冷却点和结冰点0.5 ℃和0.6 ℃；T1降低‘香蕉梨’幼果花托的过冷却点0.3 ℃；T2（磷酸二氢钾333倍液+氨基酸600倍液+赤·吲乙·芸苔10 000倍液）分别降低‘首红’苹果幼果子房的过冷却点和结冰点1.1 ℃和0.3 ℃；T2分别降低‘首红’苹果幼果花托的过冷却点和结冰点1.3 ℃和0.9 ℃。综上所述，‘早酥梨’幼果的抗寒性大于盛花期花朵；‘长富2号’幼果的抗寒性大于盛花期花朵；花期按T1处理进行喷施，可有效提高‘香蕉梨’幼果的抗寒能力；花期按T2处理进行喷施，可有效提高‘首红’苹果幼果的抗寒能力。
- Abstract:
- Taking pear and apple as test materials,an artificial frost chamber was used to simulate the cooling process and different antifreeze solutions were sprayed on the flowers.The supercooling point and freezing point of different organs of pear and apple were studied,and the effects of different antifreeze solutions on the supercooling point and freezing point of pear and apple were also investigated,in order to provide references for the study of freezing damage mechanisms and antifreeze measures during the flowering period of pear and apple trees.The results showed that the supercooling point of ovary in young fruit stage of ‘Zaosu’ pear was 3.1 ℃ lower than that in full flower stage,and the freezing point of ovary in young fruit stage of ‘Zaosu’ pear was 1.33 ℃ lower than that in full flower stage.The supercooling point of ovary in young fruit stage of ‘Changfu No.2’ was 0.47 ℃ lower than that in full flower stage.Compared with CK,T1(333 fold dilution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate+600 fold dilution of amino acids+7 000 fold dilution of 2,4-epibrassinolide and S-abscisic acid) reduced the supercooling point and freezing point of young fruit ovary of ‘Xiangjiao’ pear by 0.5 ℃ and 0.6 ℃；T1 decreased the supercooling point of ‘Xiangjiao’ pear young fruit receptacle by 0.3 ℃；T2 (333 fold dilution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate+600 fold dilution of amino acids+10 000 fold dilution of VitaCat) reduced the supercooling point and freezing point of the young fruit ovary of ‘Red Chief Delicious’ apple by 1.1 ℃ and 0.3 ℃,respectively；T2 reduced the supercooling point and freezing point of the young fruit receptacle of ‘Red Chief Delicious’ apple by 1.3 ℃ and 0.9 ℃,respectively.In conclusion,the cold resistance of young fruit of ‘Zaosu’ pear was greater than that of flowers at full flowering stage.The cold resistance of young fruit of ‘Changfu No.2’ was greater than that of flowers at full flowering stage.The cold resistance of young ‘Xiangjiao’ pear fruit can be effectively improved by spraying with T1 treatment at flowering stage.The cold resistance of young ‘Red Chief Delicious’ apple fruit can be effectively improved by T2 treatment.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张露荷（1989-），女，博士，副研究员，现主要从事果树栽培生理与遗传育种等研究工作。E-mail:1030868271@qq.com.责任作者：王鸿（1973-），男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，现主要从事果树栽培生理与遗传育种等研究工作。E-mail:wrh991130@126.com.基金项目：甘肃省农业科学院区域协同创新资助项目（2024GAAS06）；甘肃省科技重大专项计划资助项目（23ZDNA001）；甘肃省科技特派团专项资助项目（23CXNA0038）。收稿日期：2025-10-27