ZHANG Miao,DONG Qingjun,XIE Changyan,et al.Screening of Flower Cultivation Substrates Based on Riverway Silt and Agricultural Solid Organic Wastes[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(7):122-129.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243827]
基于河道淤泥与农业有机废弃物的花卉栽培基质筛选
- Title:
- Screening of Flower Cultivation Substrates Based on Riverway Silt and Agricultural Solid Organic Wastes
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)07-0122-08
- Keywords:
- riverway silt; agricultural organic wastes; flowers; substrate formula; subordinate function method
- 分类号:
- S 68
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以河道淤泥与菇渣、酒糟和木薯渣为主要原料,经过不同比例混合复配并栽培不同的花卉,研究比较了不同配方下基质理化性质的差异以及对孔雀草、百日草和万寿菊3种花卉生长的影响,并运用隶属函数综合分析各配方的育苗效果,以期为有效实现河道淤泥和农业有机废弃物的资源化利用提供参考依据。结果表明:复配的配方基质中T9(20%淤泥+30%菇渣+30%木薯渣+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石)处理的理化性质表现最优,EC值、全磷、速效钾和碱解氮含量最高。不同花卉盆栽结果表明,孔雀草栽培中,T9处理的开花数达到每盆11朵、茎粗3.66 mm,显著高于其他处理,T6(20%淤泥+30%酒糟+30%木薯渣+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石)处理的株高以及生物量表现最优;百日草栽培中,T9处理地上部干鲜质量为各处理中最高;万寿菊栽培中,T9处理每盆开花数最高为7.75朵,且地上地下部干质量均为各处理最高值。利用隶属函数对各评价指标进行量化后发现,T9处理在孔雀草的隶属函数值排名第二,在百日草和万寿菊的隶属函数值均排名第一,T6 处理在孔雀草、百日草和万寿菊的隶属函数值排名分别为第一、二、三,综合比较,T9和T6处理可以作为花卉栽培基质的适宜配方。
- Abstract:
- Taking riverway silt,mushroom residue,distiller′s grains,and cassava residue as the main raw materials,which were mixed and compounded in different proportions to cultivate different flowers.Compared the physicochemical characteristics and the growth of three flowers.Tagetes patula,Zinnia elegans,and Tagetes erecta between different formulas,and subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate and select a better formula for flower cultivation,in order to provide reference for the effective resource utilization of riverway silt and agricultural organic wastes.The results showed that T9 (20% riverway silt+30% mushroom residue+30% cassava residue+10% perlite+10% vermiculite) treatment exhibited the best physicochemical properties,with the highest EC value,total phosphorus,available potassium,and alkaline nitrogen content.The pot experiment of Tagetes patula showed that,the T9 treatment had 11 flowers per pot and the stem diameter of 3.66 mm,significantly higher than other treatments.The T6 (20% riverway silt+30% distiller′s grains+30% cassava residue+10% perlite+10% vermiculite) treatment showed the best plant height and biomass performance.In the pot experiment of Zinnia elegans,the dry and fresh weight of the aboveground in T9 treatment was the highest among all treatments.In Tagetes erecta cultivation,the T9 treatment had 7.75 flowers per pot which was the highest one,and the dry weight of the aboveground and underground was the highest among all treatments.The subordinate function method result indicated that T9 and T6 treatments could be used as suitable formulas for flower cultivation substrates.
参考文献/References:
[1]柏营,金大成,方海兰.河道淤泥用作绿化结构土的可行性探讨[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2019,37(1):36-40.[2]倪亚玲,崔敬轩,何捷,等.河湖淤泥性能及建材化利用研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2022,44(6):6-13.[3]骆勇军,周益安,尹吉国.疏浚淤泥处置利用技术研究综述[J].浙江水利科技,2010,38(3):60-61,66.[4]潘逸凡.河道清淤底泥资源化利用研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2020,10(26):59-61,64.[5]李岚峰,胡兴龙,林立,等.河道清淤淤泥基绿化种植土的制备及可行性研究[J].环境科技,2021,34(5):36-41.[6]杨丹,范欣柯,刘燕,等.河道疏浚底泥农业利用可行性分析[J].科技通报,2017,33(1):235-239.[7]KIANI M,RAAVE H,SIMOJOKI A,et al.Recycling lake sediment to agriculture:Effects on plant growth,nutrient availability,and leaching[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,753:141984.[8]薄录吉,王德建,汪军,等.苏南河道疏浚底泥农用对土壤及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):709-714.[9]范如芹,罗佳,高岩,等.农业废弃物的基质化利用研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(2):442-448.[10]魏一苗.不同废弃物基质化对黄瓜育苗应用效果探究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2023.[11]孙庆昊.蔬菜废弃物堆肥产物基质化利用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2023.[12]翟挺楷,储玉凡,林碧英,等.食用菌菌渣在蔬菜基质化利用中的研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2023(3):29-36.[13]康凯丽,梁晶,金晶,等.木薯渣等有机废弃物作为花卉栽培基质的效果研究[J].天津农业科学,2019,25(5):50-53.[14]许杰.木薯渣在番茄无土栽培中的应用效果研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2020.[15]魏来.发酵白酒糟工艺优化及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2015.[16]浩折霞,黄大鹏,顾少华,等.酒糟-牛粪堆肥复配瓜果类蔬菜育苗基质配方筛选[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(3):457-463.[17]张林利,吴大霞,刘晔,等.酒糟等农业废弃物的堆肥化及水稻育秧基质研发[J].土壤,2019,51(4):682-689.[18]陈凤新.黄芪促生抗病多功能育苗基质的研制[D].太原:山西大学,2023.[19]龙泽宇,陶轩,李洋洋,等.基于隶属函数的烟草直播育苗基质配方筛选[J].江苏农业科学,2024,52(5):83-89.[20]苏淑钗.庭院果树无土栽培[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000.[21]高丽红.无土栽培固体基质的种类与理化特性[J].农村实用工程技术(温室园艺),2004,24(2):28-30.[22]佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.不同基质和施肥类型对无土栽培生菜生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(10):245-247.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:张苗(1988-),女,硕士,助理研究员,现主要从事废弃物资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail:zhangmiaojd@126.com.责任作者:章安康(1966-),男,本科,研究员,现主要从事水稻栽培和土壤肥料等研究工作。E-mail:13905239366@139.com.基金项目:乡村河道淤泥的栽培基质应用研究资助项目(HABL202230);江苏省水利科技资助项目 (2023056);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金资助项目(HNY202125)。收稿日期:2024-09-26