YANG Dongyan,WANG Dan,SANG Ting,et al.Effects of Different Pruning and Leaf Quantities on the Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Grafted Watermelons[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(3):55-62.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243251]
不同整枝和留叶数量对嫁接西瓜光合特性及产量品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Pruning and Leaf Quantities on the Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Grafted Watermelons
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)03-0055-08
- Keywords:
- grafting small watermelons; pruning; leaf numbers; photosynthetic characteristics; root morphology
- 分类号:
- S 651
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以嫁接西瓜为试材，采用基质槽培方法，研究不同整枝及留叶数量对嫁接西瓜光合特性、植株干物质积累、根系形态及产量品质的影响，以期为嫁接西瓜产量品质提升提供参考依据。结果表明：不同侧蔓保留叶片数量显著影响主蔓叶片光合速率和植株物质积累，伴随叶片总数从25片递增到45片，主蔓的光合速率、茎叶干物质和果实可溶性固形物含量也显著增加，在40片叶处理下，根系干物质和产量增加至最高后下降。相关分析表明根系形态指标与果实中可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关，40片叶处理根系干物质量、根长、根表面积和体积均高于其他处理，尤其是在0～0.5 mm径级范围内的根长、根尖数和根尖长度，0.5～2.0 mm径级范围内的投影面积和表面积高于其他处理。因此生产中推荐嫁接小型西瓜保留2条侧蔓，分别保留10片和5片叶去顶，可增加西瓜产量，提高品质。
- Abstract:
- Taking grafted watermelons as the test materials,the effects of different pruning and leaf quantities on the photosynthetic parameters，plant dry matter accumulation，root morphology，yield and quality were studied by the substrate tank culture method,in order to provide reference for improving the yield and quality of grafted watermelons.The results showed that the number of leaves on different lateral vines significantly affected the photosynthetic rate of main vine leaves and plant material accumulation.As the total number of leaves increased from 25 to 45，the photosynthetic rate，stem and leaf dry matter，and fruit soluble solids of the main vine also significantly increased.However，the root dry matter and yield decreased under the highest level in the 40 leaf treatment.The root morphology indicators were significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar content in fruits.The root dry matter mass，root length，root surface area，and volume of the 40 leaf treatment were higher than those of other treatments，especially in the root length，root tip number，and root tip length within the diameter range of 0-0.5 mm，and the projected area and surface area within the diameter range of 0.5-2.0 mm were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Therefore，it is recommended to graft small watermelons in production and retain 2 lateral vines，with 10 and 5 leaves removed from the top respectively，which can increase watermelon yield and improve quality.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：杨冬艳（1977-），女，回族，硕士，研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培生理等研究工作。E-mail:yangdongyan2000@163.com.基金项目：宁夏回族自治区重点研发资助项目（2021BBF03007）；宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才资助项目（2021GKLRLX11）。收稿日期：2024-08-12